Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of archegonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the sites where male gametes are produced. 
B)  They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos. 
C)  They are the same as sporangia. 
D)  They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads. 
E)  They are asexual reproductive structures. 
A)  They are the sites where male gametes are produced. 
B)  They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos. 
C)  They are the same as sporangia. 
D)  They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads. 
E)  They are asexual reproductive structures. B

Question 2

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one to two cell layers thick. Consequently, which of the following is least likely to be found associated with such appendages?

Accepted Answer

A)  cuticle 
B)  rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
C)  stomata 
D)  peroxisomes 
E)  phenolics 
A)  cuticle 
B)  rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
C)  stomata 
D)  peroxisomes 
E)  phenolics C

Question 3

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric CO₂ levels decline is most analogous to a human

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing faster as atmospheric CO₂ levels increase. 
B)  putting more red blood corpuscles (RBCs) into circulation when atmospheric O₂ levels decline. 
C)  removing RBCs from circulation when atmospheric O₂ levels increase. 
D)  breathing more slowly as atmospheric O₂ levels increase. 
A)  breathing faster as atmospheric CO₂ levels increase. 
B)  putting more red blood corpuscles (RBCs) into circulation when atmospheric O₂ levels decline. 
C)  removing RBCs from circulation when atmospheric O₂ levels increase. 
D)  breathing more slowly as atmospheric O₂ levels increase. B

Question 4

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin. 
B)  cellulose. 
C)  secondary compounds. 
D)  sporopollenin. 
A)  lignin. 
B)  cellulose. 
C)  secondary compounds. 
D)  sporopollenin.

Question 5

Sporophylls can be found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses 
B)  liverworts 
C)  hornworts 
D)  pterophytes 
E)  charophytes 
A)  mosses 
B)  liverworts 
C)  hornworts 
D)  pterophytes 
E)  charophytes

Question 6

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-Besides oil, what other chemical should be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?

Accepted Answer

A)  sporopollenins 
B)  phenolics 
C)  waxes 
D)  lignins 
E)  terpenes 
A)  sporopollenins 
B)  phenolics 
C)  waxes 
D)  lignins 
E)  terpenes

Question 7

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest.
1)antheridia
2)gametes
3)gametophytes
4)gametangia

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, 3, 2 
B)  3, 1, 2, 4 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  3, 4, 1, 2 
E)  4, 3, 1, 2 
A)  1, 4, 3, 2 
B)  3, 1, 2, 4 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  3, 4, 1, 2 
E)  4, 3, 1, 2

Question 8

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase of the aboveground stem. 
B)  decreased absorption of mineral nutrients. 
C)  increased absorption of CO₂. 
D)  increased number of chloroplasts in roots. 
E)  effective lateral growth of the stem. 
A)  increase of the aboveground stem. 
B)  decreased absorption of mineral nutrients. 
C)  increased absorption of CO₂. 
D)  increased number of chloroplasts in roots. 
E)  effective lateral growth of the stem.

Question 9

Given its composition and location, the phragmoplast should be directly involved in the

Accepted Answer

A)  segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase. 
B)  poleward migration of centrosomes during prophase. 
C)  synthesis of sporopollenin during G₁ and G₂ phases. 
D)  construction of the cell plate during cytokinesis. 
E)  reinforcement of the nuclear envelope during S phase. 
A)  segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase. 
B)  poleward migration of centrosomes during prophase. 
C)  synthesis of sporopollenin during G₁ and G₂ phases. 
D)  construction of the cell plate during cytokinesis. 
E)  reinforcement of the nuclear envelope during S phase.

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryophytes are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B)  Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C)  Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D)  Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E)  Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction. 
A)  Embryophytes are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B)  Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C)  Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D)  Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E)  Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

Question 11

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1)spores
2)sporophylls
3)sporophytes
4)sporangia

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 4, 3, 1 
B)  2, 3, 4, 1 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  3, 4, 2, 1 
E)  3, 2, 4, 1 
A)  2, 4, 3, 1 
B)  2, 3, 4, 1 
C)  3, 1, 4, 2 
D)  3, 4, 2, 1 
E)  3, 2, 4, 1

Question 12

Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a spike moss.
-Which of the following characteristics is (are)possessed in common by true mosses, ferns, and spike mosses, and therefore becomes useless at helping to determine to which of these groups flower of stone belongs?
1)a sporophyte generation that is dominant
2)true leaves and roots
3)flagellated sperm
4)strobili
5)alternation of generations

Accepted Answer

A)  5 only 
B)  1 and 5 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  3 and 5 
E)  2, 4, and 5 
A)  5 only 
B)  1 and 5 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  3 and 5 
E)  2, 4, and 5

Question 13

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-This student has probably found a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  immature pine tree. 
B)  bryophyte sporophyte. 
C)  fern sporophyte. 
D)  horsetail gametophyte. 
E)  lycophyte sporophyte. 
A)  immature pine tree. 
B)  bryophyte sporophyte. 
C)  fern sporophyte. 
D)  horsetail gametophyte. 
E)  lycophyte sporophyte.

Question 14

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  haploid sporophytes 
B)  haploid gametes 
C)  diploid gametes 
D)  haploid spores 
E)  diploid spores 
A)  haploid sporophytes 
B)  haploid gametes 
C)  diploid gametes 
D)  haploid spores 
E)  diploid spores

Question 15

You are hiking in a forest and happen upon a plant featuring a central stemlike structure from which sprout many, tiny, leaflike structures. Which of the following would be the most certain means of distinguishing whether it was a true moss or a club moss?

Accepted Answer

A)  its color 
B)  its height 
C)  if seeds are present 
D)  if conducting tissues are present 
E)  the appearance of its spore-producing structures 
A)  its color 
B)  its height 
C)  if seeds are present 
D)  if conducting tissues are present 
E)  the appearance of its spore-producing structures

Question 16

Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert, where rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this bone-dry desert to encounter mosses and ferns. One such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection plant." At first glance, it could be a fern, a true moss, or a spike moss.
-Which of the following features is most important in order for true mosses and ferns to survive and reproduce in the desert?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the sporophytes occupy only permanently shady, north-facing habitats 
B)  that the sporophytes hug the ground, growing no taller than a couple of inches 
C)  either that their gametophytes grow close together, or that they be hermaphroditic 
D)  that the sporophytes have highly lignified vascular tissues 
A)  that the sporophytes occupy only permanently shady, north-facing habitats 
B)  that the sporophytes hug the ground, growing no taller than a couple of inches 
C)  either that their gametophytes grow close together, or that they be hermaphroditic 
D)  that the sporophytes have highly lignified vascular tissues

Question 17

Suppose an efficient conducting system evolved in a moss that could transport water and other materials as high as a tall tree. Which of the following statements about "trees" of such a species would not be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fertilization would probably be more difficult. 
B)  Spore dispersal distances would probably increase. 
C)  Females could produce only one archegonium. 
D)  Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a "tree" would probably flop over. 
E)  Individuals would probably compete more effectively for access to light. 
A)  Fertilization would probably be more difficult. 
B)  Spore dispersal distances would probably increase. 
C)  Females could produce only one archegonium. 
D)  Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a "tree" would probably flop over. 
E)  Individuals would probably compete more effectively for access to light.

Question 18

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-A dissection of the interior of this organism's stem should reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  lignified vascular tissues. 
B)  cuticle. 
C)  gametangia. 
D)  that it is composed of only a single, long cell. 
E)  a relatively high proportion of dead, water-filled cells. 
A)  lignified vascular tissues. 
B)  cuticle. 
C)  gametangia. 
D)  that it is composed of only a single, long cell. 
E)  a relatively high proportion of dead, water-filled cells.

Question 19

Why should we expect the soil's nitrogen not to be contained solely within the rhizoids of the Polytrichum mosses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhizoids are associated with fungi that inhibit mineral transfer from soil to rhizoids. 
B)  Rhizoids are not absorptive structures. 
C)  Rhizoids consist of single, tubular cells or of filaments of cells. 
D)  Rhizoids lack direct attachment to the moss sporophytes. 
A)  Rhizoids are associated with fungi that inhibit mineral transfer from soil to rhizoids. 
B)  Rhizoids are not absorptive structures. 
C)  Rhizoids consist of single, tubular cells or of filaments of cells. 
D)  Rhizoids lack direct attachment to the moss sporophytes.

Question 20

A student encounters a pondweed which, judging from its appearance, seems to be a charophyte. She brings a sample back to her biology lab. Using only a compound light microscope to study the sample, which of the following features should help her to determine whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga?
1)molecular structure of enzymes inside peroxisomes
2)structure of sperm cells
3)presence of phragmoplasts
4)rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 4 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  1, 3, and 4 
E)  2, 3, and 4 
A)  1 and 3 
B)  1 and 4 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  1, 3, and 4 
E)  2, 3, and 4

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Which of the following statements is true of archegonia?

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one to two cell layers thick. Consequently, which of the following is least likely to be found associated with such appendages?

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric CO₂ levels decline is most analogous to a human

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to

Sporophylls can be found in which of the following?

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest. 1)antheridia 2)gametes 3)gametophytes 4)gametangia

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Given its composition and location, the phragmoplast should be directly involved in the

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1)spores 2)sporophylls 3)sporophytes 4)sporangia

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

You are hiking in a forest and happen upon a plant featuring a central stemlike structure from which sprout many, tiny, leaflike structures. Which of the following would be the most certain means of distinguishing whether it was a true moss or a club moss?

Suppose an efficient conducting system evolved in a moss that could transport water and other materials as high as a tall tree. Which of the following statements about "trees" of such a species would not be true?

Why should we expect the soil's nitrogen not to be contained solely within the rhizoids of the Polytrichum mosses?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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