Question 1

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  light microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  transmission electron microscopy 
D)  confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E)  super-resolution fluorescence microscopy 
A)  light microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  transmission electron microscopy 
D)  confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E)  super-resolution fluorescence microscopy A

Question 2

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)  centrosomes 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  secretory vesicles 
A)  centrosomes 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  secretory vesicles A

Question 3

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia 
B)  centrioles only 
C)  both flagella and motile cilia 
D)  both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia 
E)  both centrioles and basal bodies 
A)  both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia 
B)  centrioles only 
C)  both flagella and motile cilia 
D)  both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia 
E)  both centrioles and basal bodies C

Question 4

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 5

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast 
B)  lysosome 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  peroxisome 
E)  glyoxysome 
A)  chloroplast 
B)  lysosome 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  peroxisome 
E)  glyoxysome

Question 6

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Accepted Answer

A)  view the structure of cell membranes. 
B)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C)  determine the size of various organelles. 
D)  separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E)  separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules. 
A)  view the structure of cell membranes. 
B)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C)  determine the size of various organelles. 
D)  separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E)  separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules.

Question 7

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  sites of energy production in cellular respiration 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  sites of energy production in cellular respiration 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 8

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  peroxisomes. 
D)  lysosomes. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  peroxisomes. 
D)  lysosomes. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  Golgi →ER →lysosome 
C)  nucleus →ER →Golgi 
D)  ER →Golgi →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E)  ER →lysosomes →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  Golgi →ER →lysosome 
C)  nucleus →ER →Golgi 
D)  ER →Golgi →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E)  ER →lysosomes →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Question 10

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisomes 
B)  desmosomes 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  extracellular matrix 
E)  tight junctions 
A)  peroxisomes 
B)  desmosomes 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  extracellular matrix 
E)  tight junctions

Question 11

Which of the trees in this figure groups the domains according to similarities in cellular size and architecture?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 12

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

A)  endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B)  extracellular matrix proteins 
C)  secreted proteins 
D)  mitochondrial proteins 
E)  plasma membrane proteins 
A)  endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B)  extracellular matrix proteins 
C)  secreted proteins 
D)  mitochondrial proteins 
E)  plasma membrane proteins

Question 13

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
E)  Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell. 
A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
E)  Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell.

Question 14

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  perform amoeboid movement. 
B)  form cleavage furrows. 
C)  contract muscle fibers. 
D)  extend pseudopodia. 
E)  move vesicles around the cell. 
A)  perform amoeboid movement. 
B)  form cleavage furrows. 
C)  contract muscle fibers. 
D)  extend pseudopodia. 
E)  move vesicles around the cell.

Question 15

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B)  Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C)  They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D)  They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E)  They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. 
A)  They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B)  Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C)  They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D)  They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E)  They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.

Question 16

A biologist wants specifically to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-D characteristics. Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  cell fractionation 
C)  light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function 
D)  light microscopy of living unstained material 
E)  scanning electron microscopy 
A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  cell fractionation 
C)  light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function 
D)  light microscopy of living unstained material 
E)  scanning electron microscopy

Question 17

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B)  the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D)  the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E)  rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion 
A)  limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B)  the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D)  the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E)  rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

Question 19

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E)  The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. 
A)  The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E)  The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time.

Question 20

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using

Accepted Answer

A)  a phase-contrast light microscope. 
B)  a scanning electron microscope. 
C)  a transmission electronic microscope. 
D)  a confocal fluorescence microscope. 
E)  a super-resolution fluorescence microscope. 
A)  a phase-contrast light microscope. 
B)  a scanning electron microscope. 
C)  a transmission electronic microscope. 
D)  a confocal fluorescence microscope. 
E)  a super-resolution fluorescence microscope.

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

Which of the trees in this figure groups the domains according to similarities in cellular size and architecture?

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. A cell treated with cytochalasin D will still be able to

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

A biologist wants specifically to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-D characteristics. Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters