Question 1

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiate into procambium. 
B)  undergo dedifferentiation. 
C)  increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei. 
D)  enzymatically digest their primary cell walls. 
E)  establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm. 
A)  differentiate into procambium. 
B)  undergo dedifferentiation. 
C)  increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei. 
D)  enzymatically digest their primary cell walls. 
E)  establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm. B

Question 2

Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except

Accepted Answer

A)  vessel elements. 
B)  sieve cells. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  cambium cells. 
A)  vessel elements. 
B)  sieve cells. 
C)  tracheids. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  cambium cells. E

Question 3

Axillary buds

Accepted Answer

A)  are initiated by the cork cambium. 
B)  have dormant meristematic cells. 
C)  are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. 
D)  grow immediately into shoot branches. 
E)  do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot. 
A)  are initiated by the cork cambium. 
B)  have dormant meristematic cells. 
C)  are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. 
D)  grow immediately into shoot branches. 
E)  do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot. B

Question 4

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flowers may have secondary growth. 
B)  Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. 
C)  Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
D)  Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. 
E)  Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem. 
A)  Flowers may have secondary growth. 
B)  Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. 
C)  Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
D)  Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. 
E)  Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

Question 5

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases apical dominance 
B)  inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C)  produces a plant that will grow taller 
D)  stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E)  increases the flow of auxin down the shoot 
A)  increases apical dominance 
B)  inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C)  produces a plant that will grow taller 
D)  stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E)  increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

Question 6

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements

Question 7

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

Accepted Answer

A)  hairs. 
B)  xylem cells. 
C)  phloem cells. 
D)  stomata. 
E)  sclereids. 
A)  hairs. 
B)  xylem cells. 
C)  phloem cells. 
D)  stomata. 
E)  sclereids.

Question 8

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

Accepted Answer

A)  closing of the stomata 
B)  lateral buds 
C)  apical dominance 
D)  absence of petioles 
E)  intercalary meristems 
A)  closing of the stomata 
B)  lateral buds 
C)  apical dominance 
D)  absence of petioles 
E)  intercalary meristems

Question 9

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. 
A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

Question 10

One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its

Accepted Answer

A)  fast generation time. 
B)  exceptionally large genome. 
C)  large seeds. 
D)  high tolerance to stress. 
E)  high mutation rate. 
A)  fast generation time. 
B)  exceptionally large genome. 
C)  large seeds. 
D)  high tolerance to stress. 
E)  high mutation rate.

Question 11

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?

Accepted Answer

A)  root hair-dermal tissue 
B)  palisade parenchyma-ground tissue 
C)  guard cell-dermal tissue 
D)  companion cell-ground tissue 
E)  tracheid-vascular tissue 
A)  root hair-dermal tissue 
B)  palisade parenchyma-ground tissue 
C)  guard cell-dermal tissue 
D)  companion cell-ground tissue 
E)  tracheid-vascular tissue

Question 12

When you eat Brussels sprouts, what are you eating?

Accepted Answer

A)  immature flowers 
B)  large axillary buds 
C)  petioles 
D)  storage leaves 
E)  storage roots 
A)  immature flowers 
B)  large axillary buds 
C)  petioles 
D)  storage leaves 
E)  storage roots

Question 13

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tubers 
E)  cortex 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tubers 
E)  cortex

Question 14

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  bark. 
B)  periderm. 
C)  secondary xylem. 
D)  secondary phloem. 
E)  cork. 
A)  bark. 
B)  periderm. 
C)  secondary xylem. 
D)  secondary phloem. 
E)  cork.

Question 15

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

Accepted Answer

A)  attract pollinators. 
B)  absorb ions. 
C)  photosynthesize. 
D)  produce more cells. 
E)  produce flowers. 
A)  attract pollinators. 
B)  absorb ions. 
C)  photosynthesize. 
D)  produce more cells. 
E)  produce flowers.

Question 16

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s)that George left functional was/were the

Accepted Answer

A)  phloem. 
B)  xylem. 
C)  cork cambium. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  companion and sieve-tube members. 
A)  phloem. 
B)  xylem. 
C)  cork cambium. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  companion and sieve-tube members.

Question 17

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  phloem 
E)  xylem 
A)  vascular cambium 
B)  apical meristem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  phloem 
E)  xylem

Question 18

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  sclerenchyma cells 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements

Question 19

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

A)  The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B)  The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C)  The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D)  The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E)  More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis. 
A)  The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B)  The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C)  The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D)  The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E)  More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

Question 20

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C)  cell division localized in each internode. 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C)  cell division localized in each internode. 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

Exam 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except

Axillary buds

Which of the following is a true statement?

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Which of the following cells transport sugars over long distances?

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

One major advantage of using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studies of plant form and function is its

Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?

When you eat Brussels sprouts, what are you eating?

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s)that George left functional was/were the

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant?

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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