Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. 
A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  DNA 
A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  DNA A

Question 3

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not. 
B)  The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not. 
C)  DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. 
D)  DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine. 
E)  DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. 
A)  DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not. 
B)  The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not. 
C)  DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. 
D)  DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine. 
E)  DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are insoluble in water. 
B)  They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C)  They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D)  They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E)  They contain nitrogen. 
A)  They are insoluble in water. 
B)  They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. 
C)  They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. 
D)  They are made by dehydration reactions. 
E)  They contain nitrogen.

Question 5

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chitin 
D)  glycogen and chitin only 
E)  glycogen, cellulose, and chitin 
A)  glycogen 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chitin 
D)  glycogen and chitin only 
E)  glycogen, cellulose, and chitin

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.
-Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8 nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA

Question 7

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
   
Figure 5.8
-Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  9

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. 
A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule.

Question 9

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine and adenine 
B)  cytosine and uracil 
C)  thymine and guanine 
D)  ribose and deoxyribose 
E)  adenine and thymine 
A)  guanine and adenine 
B)  cytosine and uracil 
C)  thymine and guanine 
D)  ribose and deoxyribose 
E)  adenine and thymine

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.
-Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA

Question 11

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  glycogen 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  amylopectin 
A)  starch 
B)  glycogen 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  amylopectin

Question 12

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. 
E)  form the genes of higher organisms. 
A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. 
E)  form the genes of higher organisms.

Question 13

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
E)  anywhere in the protein, with equal probability 
A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
E)  anywhere in the protein, with equal probability

Question 14

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
   
Figure 5.8
-Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  12 
E)  13 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  12 
E)  13

Question 15

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  phosphodiester bonds 
E)  peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds 
A)  peptide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  disulfide bonds 
D)  phosphodiester bonds 
E)  peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds

Question 16

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the addition of a water molecule. 
E)  the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. 
A)  the release of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the addition of a water molecule. 
E)  the release of a nitrous oxide molecule.

Question 17

A molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is probably a

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate. 
B)  fatty acid. 
C)  protein. 
D)  nucleic acid. 
E)  hydrocarbon. 
A)  carbohydrate. 
B)  fatty acid. 
C)  protein. 
D)  nucleic acid. 
E)  hydrocarbon.

Question 18

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 19

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
   
Figure 5.8
-Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers)of polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
E)  12, 13, and 15 
A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
E)  12, 13, and 15

Question 20

If ¹⁴C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  both DNA and RNA 
E)  proteins 
A)  phospholipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  both DNA and RNA 
E)  proteins

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Figure 5.8 -Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Figure 5.8 -Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base?

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires

A molecule with the formula C₁₈H₃₆O₂ is probably a

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Figure 5.8 -Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers)of polypeptides?

If ¹⁴C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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