Question 1

What makes it risky to rely on the presence of chitin in adult amphibian skin as the sole positive test for the presence of chytrids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other mycoses may be in progress in the same amphibian simultaneously. 
B)  The amphibian may harbor arthropod ectoparasites simultaneously. 
C)  Bacterial infections may be simultaneously underway in the amphibian. 
D)  Three of the responses above are correct. 
E)  Two of the responses above are correct. 
A)  Other mycoses may be in progress in the same amphibian simultaneously. 
B)  The amphibian may harbor arthropod ectoparasites simultaneously. 
C)  Bacterial infections may be simultaneously underway in the amphibian. 
D)  Three of the responses above are correct. 
E)  Two of the responses above are correct. E

Question 2

Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid. 
B)  Ascospores are produced only by meiosis, whereas conidia are produced only by mitosis. 
C)  Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, whereas conidia have not. 
D)  Ascospores are larger, whereas conidia are smaller. 
E)  Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae. 
A)  Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid. 
B)  Ascospores are produced only by meiosis, whereas conidia are produced only by mitosis. 
C)  Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, whereas conidia have not. 
D)  Ascospores are larger, whereas conidia are smaller. 
E)  Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae. C

Question 3

The lifestyle of microsporidians is most similar to that of

Accepted Answer

A)  scavengers. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  free-living yeasts. 
D)  ectoparasites. 
A)  scavengers. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  free-living yeasts. 
D)  ectoparasites. B

Question 4

The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often

Accepted Answer

A)  a moss. 
B)  a green alga. 
C)  a brown alga. 
D)  an ascomycete. 
E)  a small vascular plant. 
A)  a moss. 
B)  a green alga. 
C)  a brown alga. 
D)  an ascomycete. 
E)  a small vascular plant.

Question 5

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  
-Which location is nearest to basidiocarps?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 6

Which of the following are protists, the organisms thought to share the closest ancestor with the chytrids?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleariids 
B)  choanoflagellates 
C)  zygomycetes 
D)  algae 
E)  diplomonads 
A)  nucleariids 
B)  choanoflagellates 
C)  zygomycetes 
D)  algae 
E)  diplomonads

Question 7

Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural polysaccharide from the β-glucose. What is this polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin 
B)  chitin 
C)  cellulose 
D)  lignin 
E)  glycogen 
A)  amylopectin 
B)  chitin 
C)  cellulose 
D)  lignin 
E)  glycogen

Question 8

If haustoria from the fungal partner were to appear within the photosynthetic partner of a lichen, and if the growth rate of the photosynthetic partner consequently slowed substantially, then this would support the claim that

Accepted Answer

A)  algae and cyanobacteria are autotrophic. 
B)  lichens are not purely mutualistic relationships. 
C)  algae require maximal contact with the fungal partner in order to grow at optimal rates. 
D)  fungi get all of the nutrition they need via the "leakiness" of photosynthetic partners. 
E)  soredia are asexual reproductive structures combining both the fungal and photosynthetic partners. 
A)  algae and cyanobacteria are autotrophic. 
B)  lichens are not purely mutualistic relationships. 
C)  algae require maximal contact with the fungal partner in order to grow at optimal rates. 
D)  fungi get all of the nutrition they need via the "leakiness" of photosynthetic partners. 
E)  soredia are asexual reproductive structures combining both the fungal and photosynthetic partners.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?

Accepted Answer

A)  ergotism 
B)  athlete's foot 
C)  ringworm 
D)  candidiasis (Candida yeast infection) 
E)  coccidioidomycosis 
A)  ergotism 
B)  athlete's foot 
C)  ringworm 
D)  candidiasis (Candida yeast infection) 
E)  coccidioidomycosis

Question 10

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd. A Bd sporangium initially contains a single, haploid cell. Which of the following processes must be involved in generating the multiple zoospores eventually produced by each sporangium?
1)S phase
2)cytokinesis
3)mitosis
4)meiosis

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  1, 2, and 3 
E)  1, 2, and 4 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  1, 2, and 3 
E)  1, 2, and 4

Question 11

The vegetative (nutritionally active)bodies of most fungi are

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of hyphae. 
B)  referred to as a mycelium. 
C)  usually underground. 
D)  Three of these responses are correct. 
E)  Two of these responses are correct. 
A)  composed of hyphae. 
B)  referred to as a mycelium. 
C)  usually underground. 
D)  Three of these responses are correct. 
E)  Two of these responses are correct.

Question 12

Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmogamy 
B)  heterokaryotic 
C)  dikaryotic 
D)  diploid 
A)  plasmogamy 
B)  heterokaryotic 
C)  dikaryotic 
D)  diploid

Question 13

Some fungi can exist either as unicellular yeasts or as filamentous hyphae. Which of these forms would be most favorable in an environment where nutrients are limited?

Accepted Answer

A)  a smaller unicellular yeast 
B)  a larger unicellular yeast 
C)  a shorter filamentous hypha 
D)  a longer filamentous hypha 
A)  a smaller unicellular yeast 
B)  a larger unicellular yeast 
C)  a shorter filamentous hypha 
D)  a longer filamentous hypha

Question 14

Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the "bud" cell receives less cytoplasm than the parent cell. Which of the following should be true of the smaller cell until it reaches the size of the larger cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should produce fewer fermentation products per unit time. 
B)  It should produce ribosomal RNA at a slower rate. 
C)  It should be transcriptionally less active. 
D)  It should have reduced motility. 
E)  It should have a smaller nucleus. 
A)  It should produce fewer fermentation products per unit time. 
B)  It should produce ribosomal RNA at a slower rate. 
C)  It should be transcriptionally less active. 
D)  It should have reduced motility. 
E)  It should have a smaller nucleus.

Question 15

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiotic 
B)  heterotrophic 
C)  flagellated 
D)  pathogenic 
E)  act as decomposers 
A)  symbiotic 
B)  heterotrophic 
C)  flagellated 
D)  pathogenic 
E)  act as decomposers

Question 16

If infection primarily involves the outermost layers of adult amphibian skin, and if the chytrids use the skin as their sole source of nutrition, then which term best applies to the chytrids?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic chemoautotroph 
B)  aerobic chemoautotroph 
C)  anaerobic chemoheterotroph 
D)  aerobic chemoheterotroph 
A)  anaerobic chemoautotroph 
B)  aerobic chemoautotroph 
C)  anaerobic chemoheterotroph 
D)  aerobic chemoheterotroph

Question 17

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

Accepted Answer

A)  due to common ancestry. 
B)  by convergent evolution. 
C)  by inheritance of acquired traits. 
D)  by natural means, and is a homology. 
E)  by serial endosymbioses. 
A)  due to common ancestry. 
B)  by convergent evolution. 
C)  by inheritance of acquired traits. 
D)  by natural means, and is a homology. 
E)  by serial endosymbioses.

Question 18

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis 
B)  plasmogamy 
C)  crossing over 
D)  binary fission 
E)  karyogamy 
A)  mitosis 
B)  plasmogamy 
C)  crossing over 
D)  binary fission 
E)  karyogamy

Question 19

In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  fixed nitrogen 
C)  antibiotics 
D)  water and minerals 
E)  protection from harmful UV 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  fixed nitrogen 
C)  antibiotics 
D)  water and minerals 
E)  protection from harmful UV

Question 20

Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus.
1)basidiocarp
2)basidium
3)basidiospore
4)mycelium
5)gill

Accepted Answer

A)  4 → 5 → 1→ 2 → 3 
B)  5 → 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  5 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 
D)  5 → 1 → 3 → 2 → 4 
E)  4 → 1 → 5 → 2 → 3 
A)  4 → 5 → 1→ 2 → 3 
B)  5 → 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  5 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 
D)  5 → 1 → 3 → 2 → 4 
E)  4 → 1 → 5 → 2 → 3

Exam 31: Fungi

What makes it risky to rely on the presence of chitin in adult amphibian skin as the sole positive test for the presence of chytrids?

Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?

The lifestyle of microsporidians is most similar to that of

The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often

Which of the following are protists, the organisms thought to share the closest ancestor with the chytrids?

Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural polysaccharide from the β-glucose. What is this polysaccharide?

If haustoria from the fungal partner were to appear within the photosynthetic partner of a lichen, and if the growth rate of the photosynthetic partner consequently slowed substantially, then this would support the claim that

Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?

Sexual reproduction has not been observed in Bd. A Bd sporangium initially contains a single, haploid cell. Which of the following processes must be involved in generating the multiple zoospores eventually produced by each sporangium? 1)S phase 2)cytokinesis 3)mitosis 4)meiosis

The vegetative (nutritionally active)bodies of most fungi are

Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?

Some fungi can exist either as unicellular yeasts or as filamentous hyphae. Which of these forms would be most favorable in an environment where nutrients are limited?

Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the "bud" cell receives less cytoplasm than the parent cell. Which of the following should be true of the smaller cell until it reaches the size of the larger cell?

All fungi share which of the following characteristics?

If infection primarily involves the outermost layers of adult amphibian skin, and if the chytrids use the skin as their sole source of nutrition, then which term best applies to the chytrids?

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?

In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner?

Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus. 1)basidiocarp 2)basidium 3)basidiospore 4)mycelium 5)gill

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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