Question 1

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. 
A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporation. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. C

Question 2

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  skeletal muscles. 
C)  liver. 
D)  heart. 
E)  brain. A

Question 3

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells. 
A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells. C

Question 4

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal. 
C)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
E)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm. 
A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal. 
C)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
E)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

Question 5

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  neural tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue. 
A)  connective tissue. 
B)  smooth muscle cells. 
C)  neural tissue. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  adipose tissue.

Question 6

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found. 
B)  the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability to learn. 
C)  the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota. 
D)  they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. 
E)  the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin. 
A)  the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found. 
B)  the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability to learn. 
C)  the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota. 
D)  they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. 
E)  the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin.

Question 7

An example of a connective tissue is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  cuboidal epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles. 
A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  cuboidal epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles.

Question 8

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Accepted Answer

A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals. 
A)  is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. 
B)  is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators. 
C)  is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. 
D)  is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. 
E)  is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals.

Question 9

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  several layers of boxlike cells. 
B)  a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C)  a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D)  an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E)  a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells. 
A)  several layers of boxlike cells. 
B)  a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. 
C)  a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. 
D)  an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells. 
E)  a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells.

Question 10

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  the respiratory system. 
B)  the endocrine system. 
C)  the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D)  the integumentary system. 
E)  the excretory system. 
A)  the respiratory system. 
B)  the endocrine system. 
C)  the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D)  the integumentary system. 
E)  the excretory system.

Question 11

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

Accepted Answer

A)  are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B)  alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C)  have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D)  are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E)  become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C. 
A)  are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures. 
B)  alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C. 
C)  have a net loss of heat across a moist body surface, even in direct sun. 
D)  are endotherms but become thermoconformers only when they are in water. 
E)  become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15°C.

Question 12

A female Burmese python incubating her eggs can warm them using

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. 
A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis.

Question 13

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow, the body temperature of a ground squirrel

Accepted Answer

A)  is held at a constant 37°C. 
B)  is held at a constant 5°C. 
C)  varies between 5°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D)  varies between 5°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E)  varies between -5°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow. 
A)  is held at a constant 37°C. 
B)  is held at a constant 5°C. 
C)  varies between 5°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D)  varies between 5°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E)  varies between -5°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow.

Question 14

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

Accepted Answer

A)  less surface area. 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume. 
C)  the same surface-to-volume ratio. 
D)  a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen. 
E)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. 
A)  less surface area. 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume. 
C)  the same surface-to-volume ratio. 
D)  a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen. 
E)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.

Question 15

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

Accepted Answer

A)  receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B)  provide abundant exchange surface. 
C)  have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D)  offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E)  have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells. 
A)  receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B)  provide abundant exchange surface. 
C)  have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D)  offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E)  have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells.

Question 16

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B)  respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C)  this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D)  the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E)  all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water. 
A)  natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B)  respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C)  this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D)  the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E)  all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water.

Question 17

Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal

Accepted Answer

A)  is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B)  is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C)  has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D)  has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E)  has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. 
A)  is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B)  is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C)  has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D)  has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E)  has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.

Question 18

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
E)  blubber or fat layer 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
E)  blubber or fat layer

Question 19

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. 
A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis.

Question 20

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle. 
A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by

An exchange surface in direct contact with the external environment is found in the

Most types of communication between cells utilize

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because

An example of a connective tissue is the

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians

A female Burmese python incubating her eggs can warm them using

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow, the body temperature of a ground squirrel

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because

Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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