Question 1

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the

Accepted Answer

A)  processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B)  fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption. 
A)  processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B)  fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption. D

Question 2

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in section(s)

Accepted Answer

A)  3 only. 
B)  4 only. 
C)  1 and 4. 
D)  3 and 4. 
E)  1, 3, and 4. 
A)  3 only. 
B)  4 only. 
C)  1 and 4. 
D)  3 and 4. 
E)  1, 3, and 4. B

Question 3

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is

Accepted Answer

A)  fat in adipose tissue. 
B)  glucose in the blood. 
C)  protein in muscle cells. 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells. 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone. 
A)  fat in adipose tissue. 
B)  glucose in the blood. 
C)  protein in muscle cells. 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells. 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone. A

Question 4

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

Accepted Answer

A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure. 
A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure.

Question 5

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (DV) to answer the following questions.
Dietary Supplement % DV
Vitamin A 70
Vitamin C 100
Vitamin D 100
Vitamin E 150
Vitamin K 13
Vitamin B₁ 100
Vitamin B₂ 100
Folic acid 100
Vitamin B₁₂ 417
Calcium 20
Phosphorus 5
Iodine 100
Magnesium 25
Zinc 100
Copper 100
Chromium 125
Molybdenum 100
Iron 0
-A mineral that is especially important for preventing anemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc. 
B)  iron. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  molybdenum. 
E)  folic acid. 
A)  zinc. 
B)  iron. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  molybdenum. 
E)  folic acid.

Question 6

For a nondiabetic person, the glucose concentration in this part of the vasculature varies more than in any other part.

Accepted Answer

A)  abdominal artery 
B)  coronary arteries 
C)  pulmonary veins 
D)  hepatic portal vessel 
E)  jugular vein 
A)  abdominal artery 
B)  coronary arteries 
C)  pulmonary veins 
D)  hepatic portal vessel 
E)  jugular vein

Question 7

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial

Accepted Answer

A)  production of vitamins A and C. 
B)  generation of gases needed for elimination. 
C)  absorption of organic materials. 
D)  production of vitamin K. 
E)  recovery of water from fecal matter. 
A)  production of vitamins A and C. 
B)  generation of gases needed for elimination. 
C)  absorption of organic materials. 
D)  production of vitamin K. 
E)  recovery of water from fecal matter.

Question 8

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that

Accepted Answer

A)  is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B)  helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C)  splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D)  begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E)  is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH. 
A)  is manufactured by the pancreas. 
B)  helps stabilize fat-water emulsions. 
C)  splits maltose into monosaccharides. 
D)  begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach. 
E)  is denatured and rendered inactive in solutions with low pH.

Question 9

Among mammals, it is generally true that

Accepted Answer

A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D)  the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E)  the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. 
A)  all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. 
B)  after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. 
C)  the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. 
D)  the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. 
E)  the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach.

Question 10

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Accepted Answer

A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D)  allows extensive branching. 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion. 
A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  allows specialized functions in specialized regions. 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D)  allows extensive branching. 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion.

Question 11

An enlarged cecum is typical of

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B)  carnivorous animals. 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D)  humans and other primates. 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites. 
A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B)  carnivorous animals. 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D)  humans and other primates. 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites.

Question 12

Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharides. 
B)  polymers. 
C)  monomers. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  peptides. 
A)  disaccharides. 
B)  polymers. 
C)  monomers. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  peptides.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene codes for a satiety factor, the hormone leptin. The db gene product, the leptin receptor, is required to respond to the satiety factor.
-Leptin is a product of adipose cells. Therefore, a very obese mouse would be expected to have

Accepted Answer

A)  increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B)  increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C)  decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D)  mutation of ob or db. 
A)  increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B)  increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C)  decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D)  mutation of ob or db.

Question 14

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clotting and vitamin C 
B)  normal vision and vitamin A 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D)  protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E)  production of white blood cells and vitamin K 
A)  blood clotting and vitamin C 
B)  normal vision and vitamin A 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D)  protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E)  production of white blood cells and vitamin K

Question 15

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B)  are excludible intracellular processes in most organisms. 
C)  add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
D)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
E)  require ATP as an energy source. 
A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B)  are excludible intracellular processes in most organisms. 
C)  add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
D)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
E)  require ATP as an energy source.

Question 16

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are autotrophic. 
B)  cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C)  they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D)  cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E)  they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. 
A)  they are autotrophic. 
B)  cattle, like rabbits, re-ingest their feces. 
C)  they manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. 
D)  cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. 
E)  they have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs.

Question 17

Coprophagy, the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material, is important for the nutritional balance of

Accepted Answer

A)  ruminants such as cows. 
B)  insects and arthropods. 
C)  rabbits and their relatives. 
D)  squirrels and some rodents. 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants. 
A)  ruminants such as cows. 
B)  insects and arthropods. 
C)  rabbits and their relatives. 
D)  squirrels and some rodents. 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants.

Question 18

Salivary amylase digests

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose. 
A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose.

Question 19

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  elimination. 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation. 
A)  secretion. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  elimination. 
D)  filtration 
E)  temperature regulation.

Question 20

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
E)  water. 
A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
E)  water.

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the

-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in section(s)

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

For a nondiabetic person, the glucose concentration in this part of the vasculature varies more than in any other part.

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that

Among mammals, it is generally true that

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

An enlarged cecum is typical of

Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because

Coprophagy, the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material, is important for the nutritional balance of

Salivary amylase digests

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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