Question 1

A deficiency of which chemical may result in hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron 
B)  Iodine 
C)  Zinc 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Iron 
B)  Iodine 
C)  Zinc 
D)  Magnesium

Question 2

Palpation of the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves disease would detect a thyroid that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Left of midline 
B)  Small with discrete nodules 
C)  Normal in size 
D)  Diffusely enlarged 
A)  Left of midline 
B)  Small with discrete nodules 
C)  Normal in size 
D)  Diffusely enlarged

Question 3

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 4

Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI)is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic 
B)  Psychogenic 
C)  Nephrogenic 
D)  Ischemic 
A)  Neurogenic 
B)  Psychogenic 
C)  Nephrogenic 
D)  Ischemic

Question 5

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)is related to an organic lesion of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Renal tubules 
A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Renal tubules

Question 6

A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications in which areas? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Eyes 
B)  Coronary arteries 
C)  Renal system 
D)  Peripheral vascular system 
E)  Nerves 
A)  Eyes 
B)  Coronary arteries 
C)  Renal system 
D)  Peripheral vascular system 
E)  Nerves

Question 7

Amenorrhea,galactorrhea,hirsutism,and osteoporosis are each caused by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior pituitary adenoma 
B)  Thymoma 
C)  Prolactinoma 
D)  Growth hormone adenoma 
A)  Posterior pituitary adenoma 
B)  Thymoma 
C)  Prolactinoma 
D)  Growth hormone adenoma

Question 8

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as a(an):

Accepted Answer

A)  Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues 
B)  Need for lispro instead of regular insulin 
C)  Increase of glucagon secretion from a cells of the pancreas 
D)  Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy b cells in the pancreas 
A)  Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues 
B)  Need for lispro instead of regular insulin 
C)  Increase of glucagon secretion from a cells of the pancreas 
D)  Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy b cells in the pancreas

Question 9

What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. 
B)  Pressure in capillaries increase as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water. 
C)  The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops. 
D)  Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries. 
A)  The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. 
B)  Pressure in capillaries increase as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water. 
C)  The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops. 
D)  Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.

Question 10

Diabetes insipidus,diabetes mellitus,and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone all exhibit which symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyuria 
B)  Edema 
C)  Vomiting 
D)  Thirst 
A)  Polyuria 
B)  Edema 
C)  Vomiting 
D)  Thirst

Question 11

Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH)in adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  Acromegaly 
C)  Giantism 
D)  Myxedema 
A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  Acromegaly 
C)  Giantism 
D)  Myxedema

Question 12

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 13

A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle spasms 
B)  Tonic-clonic seizures 
C)  Laryngeal spasms 
D)  Hyporeflexia 
E)  Asphyxiation 
A)  Muscle spasms 
B)  Tonic-clonic seizures 
C)  Laryngeal spasms 
D)  Hyporeflexia 
E)  Asphyxiation

Question 14

A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dl; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K⁺)2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na⁺)130 mEq/L.The patient reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for 1 week.What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space. 
B)  Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. 
C)  Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss. 
A)  Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space. 
B)  Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. 
C)  Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss.

Question 15

Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI)will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic 
B)  Nephrogenic 
C)  Psychogenic 
D)  Ischemic 
A)  Neurogenic 
B)  Nephrogenic 
C)  Psychogenic 
D)  Ischemic

Question 16

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 17

Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothyroidism 
B)  Hypercortisolism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Insulin hyposecretion 
A)  Hypothyroidism 
B)  Hypercortisolism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Insulin hyposecretion

Question 18

A person has acne,easy bruising,thin extremities,and truncal obesity.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthyroidism 
B)  Hypoaldosteronism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Cushing disease 
A)  Hyperthyroidism 
B)  Hypoaldosteronism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Cushing disease

Question 19

Which laboratory value is consistently low in a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine-specific gravity 
B)  Serum sodium 
C)  Urine protein 
D)  Serum total protein 
A)  Urine-specific gravity 
B)  Serum sodium 
C)  Urine protein 
D)  Serum total protein

Question 20

Diabetes insipidus is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion 
B)  Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion 
C)  Insulin hyposecretion 
D)  Insulin hypersecretion 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion 
B)  Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion 
C)  Insulin hyposecretion 
D)  Insulin hypersecretion

Exam 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

A deficiency of which chemical may result in hypothyroidism?

Palpation of the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves disease would detect a thyroid that is:

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI)is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)is related to an organic lesion of the:

A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications in which areas? (Select all that apply.)

Amenorrhea,galactorrhea,hirsutism,and osteoporosis are each caused by a:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as a(an):

What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes insipidus,diabetes mellitus,and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone all exhibit which symptom?

Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH)in adults?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)

Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI)will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH)in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?

A person has acne,easy bruising,thin extremities,and truncal obesity.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder?

Which laboratory value is consistently low in a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Diabetes insipidus is a result of:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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