Question 1

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uromodulin 
B)  Nephrin 
C)  Urodilatin 
D)  Cystatin 
A)  Uromodulin 
B)  Nephrin 
C)  Urodilatin 
D)  Cystatin

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding urodilatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B)  It inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C)  Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D)  It is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. 
A)  Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B)  It inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C)  Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D)  It is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume.

Question 3

The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
B)  Diffusion rate in the renal cortex 
C)  Diffusion rate in the renal medulla 
D)  Glomerular active transport 
A)  Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
B)  Diffusion rate in the renal cortex 
C)  Diffusion rate in the renal medulla 
D)  Glomerular active transport

Question 4

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium retention 
B)  Sodium excretion 
C)  Water retention 
D)  Water excretion 
A)  Sodium retention 
B)  Sodium excretion 
C)  Water retention 
D)  Water excretion

Question 5

Which renal change is found in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate 
B)  Sharp decline in renal blood flow 
C)  Decrease in the number of nephrons 
D)  Decrease in urine output 
A)  Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate 
B)  Sharp decline in renal blood flow 
C)  Decrease in the number of nephrons 
D)  Decrease in urine output

Question 6

The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubules 
B)  Distal tubules 
C)  Ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Descending loop of Henle 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubules 
B)  Distal tubules 
C)  Ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Descending loop of Henle

Question 7

When renin is released,it is capable of which action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inactivation of autoregulation 
B)  Direct activation of angiotensin II 
C)  Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Formation of angiotensin I 
A)  Inactivation of autoregulation 
B)  Direct activation of angiotensin II 
C)  Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Formation of angiotensin I

Question 8

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Crystals

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 9

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Creatinine clearance

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 10

The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Medulla 
B)  Cortex 
C)  Pyramids 
D)  Columns 
A)  Medulla 
B)  Cortex 
C)  Pyramids 
D)  Columns

Question 11

Which forces create passive transport of water in the proximal tubule? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Peritubular capillary oncotic pressure 
C)  Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D)  Interstitial osmotic pressure 
E)  Peritubular capillary osmotic pressure 
A)  Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B)  Peritubular capillary oncotic pressure 
C)  Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D)  Interstitial osmotic pressure 
E)  Peritubular capillary osmotic pressure

Question 12

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Casts

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 13

What is the end-product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Ketones 
C)  Bile 
D)  Urea 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Ketones 
C)  Bile 
D)  Urea

Question 14

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH),which is secreted by which gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior pituitary 
B)  Thyroid 
C)  Parathyroid 
D)  Anterior pituitary 
A)  Posterior pituitary 
B)  Thyroid 
C)  Parathyroid 
D)  Anterior pituitary

Question 15

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Vagus nerve 
B)  Sympathetic nervous system 
C)  Somatic nervous system 
D)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
A)  Vagus nerve 
B)  Sympathetic nervous system 
C)  Somatic nervous system 
D)  Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 16

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Angiotensinogen 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Angiotensinogen

Question 17

What term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tubular secretion 
B)  Ultrafiltration 
C)  Tubular reabsorption 
D)  Tubular excretion 
A)  Tubular secretion 
B)  Ultrafiltration 
C)  Tubular reabsorption 
D)  Tubular excretion

Question 18

What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Thyroid hormone 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Parathyroid hormone 
A)  Erythropoietin 
B)  Thyroid hormone 
C)  Calcitonin 
D)  Parathyroid hormone

Question 19

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin hormone 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Adrenocorticotropin hormone

Question 20

What is the trigone?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter 
B)  The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys 
C)  A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra 
D)  One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle 
A)  A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter 
B)  The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys 
C)  A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra 
D)  One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle

Exam 37: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Which statement is true regarding urodilatin?

The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

Which renal change is found in older adults?

The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the:

When renin is released,it is capable of which action?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Crystals

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Creatinine clearance

The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:

Which forces create passive transport of water in the proximal tubule? (Select all that apply.)

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Casts

What is the end-product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine?

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH),which is secreted by which gland?

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys?

What term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?

What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

What is the trigone?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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