Question 1

When does urine formation and excretion begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  By 3 months' gestation 
C)  By 6 months' gestation 
D)  By 8 months' gestation 
A)  At birth 
B)  By 3 months' gestation 
C)  By 6 months' gestation 
D)  By 8 months' gestation

Question 2

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-Is usually the result of abnormal differentiation of the renal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Question 3

Which symptoms are considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Pyuria 
C)  Hyperlipidemia 
D)  Edema 
E)  Hypoalbuminemia 
A)  Proteinuria 
B)  Pyuria 
C)  Hyperlipidemia 
D)  Edema 
E)  Hypoalbuminemia

Question 4

What problems are commonly associated with the diagnosis of horseshoe kidneys? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydronephrosis 
B)  Nephritis 
C)  Infection 
D)  Kidney stones 
E)  Pyuria 
A)  Hydronephrosis 
B)  Nephritis 
C)  Infection 
D)  Kidney stones 
E)  Pyuria

Question 5

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of a Wilms tumor involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. 
B)  Development involves an autosomal dominant inherited disorder involving the Y chromosome. 
C)  Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly. 
A)  The development of a Wilms tumor involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. 
B)  Development involves an autosomal dominant inherited disorder involving the Y chromosome. 
C)  Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly.

Question 6

When does an individual have their full complement of renal nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth 
B)  At 6 months of age 
C)  At puberty 
D)  Between the ages 18 and 21 years 
A)  At birth 
B)  At 6 months of age 
C)  At puberty 
D)  Between the ages 18 and 21 years

Question 7

Which statements are true regarding hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterizes HUS. 
B)  Thrombocytopenia is a comorbid condition. 
C)  Wilms tumors are often the trigger for HUS. 
D)  HUS is the most common community-acquired cause of acute renal failure in young children. 
E)  HUS is chronic in nature. 
A)  Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterizes HUS. 
B)  Thrombocytopenia is a comorbid condition. 
C)  Wilms tumors are often the trigger for HUS. 
D)  HUS is the most common community-acquired cause of acute renal failure in young children. 
E)  HUS is chronic in nature.

Question 8

Compared with an adult,an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid,as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange.What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Edema development is less of a problem. 
B)  Overhydration is not difficult to manage. 
C)  Daily fluid requirements are greater. 
D)  The control of dehydration is more difficult. 
A)  Edema development is less of a problem. 
B)  Overhydration is not difficult to manage. 
C)  Daily fluid requirements are greater. 
D)  The control of dehydration is more difficult.

Question 9

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney 
B)  Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys 
C)  Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder 
D)  Colonization of the bladder when urine is static 
A)  Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney 
B)  Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys 
C)  Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder 
D)  Colonization of the bladder when urine is static

Exam 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

When does urine formation and excretion begin?

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -Is usually the result of abnormal differentiation of the renal tissues.

Which symptoms are considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children? (Select all that apply.)

What problems are commonly associated with the diagnosis of horseshoe kidneys? (Select all that apply.)

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

When does an individual have their full complement of renal nephrons?

Which statements are true regarding hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? (Select all that apply.)

Compared with an adult,an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid,as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange.What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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