Question 1

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) narrowing of the arteries. 
D) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
E) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed. 
A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) narrowing of the arteries. 
D) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
E) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed.

Question 2

A person with a residual respiratory volume of 750 mL, a tidal volume of 500 mL, and a total lung capacity of 4500 mL would have a vital capacity of

Accepted Answer

A) 1250 mL. 
B) 3750 mL. 
C) 5000 mL. 
D) 4000 mL. 
E) 3250 mL. 
A) 1250 mL. 
B) 3750 mL. 
C) 5000 mL. 
D) 4000 mL. 
E) 3250 mL.

Question 3

Breathing is usually regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B) the concentration of red blood cells. 
C) hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D) CO₂ and O₂ concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E) the lungs and the larynx. 
A) erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B) the concentration of red blood cells. 
C) hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D) CO₂ and O₂ concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E) the lungs and the larynx.

Question 4

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

Accepted Answer

A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) the type of gas exchange tissues. 
C) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
D) the number of circuits for circulation. 
E) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit. 
A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) the type of gas exchange tissues. 
C) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
D) the number of circuits for circulation. 
E) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit.

Question 5

If the delay in impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles is reduced, this would result in

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in diastolic pressure. 
B) the incomplete emptying of atrial blood into the ventricles. 
C) the backflow of blood through the sinoatrial valve. 
D) an increase in cardiac output. 
E) a heart murmur. 
A) an increase in diastolic pressure. 
B) the incomplete emptying of atrial blood into the ventricles. 
C) the backflow of blood through the sinoatrial valve. 
D) an increase in cardiac output. 
E) a heart murmur.

Question 6

The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to

Accepted Answer

A) that of birds, with a four-chambered heart. 
B) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber. 
C) that of reptiles, with one pumping chamber driving blood flow to a gas-exchange organ, and a different pumping chamber driving blood to the rest of the circulation. 
D) that of sponges, in which gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment. 
E) that of humans, in which there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow. 
A) that of birds, with a four-chambered heart. 
B) the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber. 
C) that of reptiles, with one pumping chamber driving blood flow to a gas-exchange organ, and a different pumping chamber driving blood to the rest of the circulation. 
D) that of sponges, in which gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment. 
E) that of humans, in which there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow.

Question 7

During a prolonged dive, mammals such as the Weddell seal do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) derive ATP from fermentation. 
B) route blood to major organs. 
C) decrease O₂ consumption rate. 
D) increase blood supply to muscles. 
E) decrease heart rate. 
A) derive ATP from fermentation. 
B) route blood to major organs. 
C) decrease O₂ consumption rate. 
D) increase blood supply to muscles. 
E) decrease heart rate.

Question 8

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10% and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO₂ is

Accepted Answer

A) 400 mm Hg. 
B) 82 mm Hg. 
C) 40 mm Hg. 
D) 21 mm Hg. 
E) 4 mm Hg. 
A) 400 mm Hg. 
B) 82 mm Hg. 
C) 40 mm Hg. 
D) 21 mm Hg. 
E) 4 mm Hg.

Question 9

Pulse is a direct measure of

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure. 
B) stroke volume. 
C) cardiac output. 
D) heart rate. 
E) breathing rate. 
A) blood pressure. 
B) stroke volume. 
C) cardiac output. 
D) heart rate. 
E) breathing rate.

Question 10

An atmospheric scientist has created a mixture of air consisting of 15% oxygen and PO₂ of 75 mm Hg. The overall air pressure is

Accepted Answer

A) 500 mm Hg. 
B) 5 mm Hg. 
C) 50 mm Hg. 
D) 0.5 mm Hg. 
E) 5000 mm Hg. 
A) 500 mm Hg. 
B) 5 mm Hg. 
C) 50 mm Hg. 
D) 0.5 mm Hg. 
E) 5000 mm Hg.

Question 11

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the pulmonary vein. 
B) an alveolus. 
C) the trachea. 
D) the right atrium. 
E) the right ventricle. 
A) the pulmonary vein. 
B) an alveolus. 
C) the trachea. 
D) the right atrium. 
E) the right ventricle.

Question 12

After completing a race, a runner's heart rate begins to decelerate. Which of the following is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenaline 
B) sympathetic nervous system 
C) parasympathetic nervous system 
D) epinephrine 
E) norepinephrine 
A) adrenaline 
B) sympathetic nervous system 
C) parasympathetic nervous system 
D) epinephrine 
E) norepinephrine

Question 13

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

Accepted Answer

A) is a major contributor to heart attacks. 
B) would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. 
C) would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance. 
D) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions. 
E) would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta. 
A) is a major contributor to heart attacks. 
B) would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. 
C) would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance. 
D) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions. 
E) would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta.

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A paramedic arrives at a middle-aged man's home. The man is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. Upon examination of his medicine cabinet, the paramedic finds prescription bottles of statins and aspirin.
-Which ailment is the man most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A) Sickle cell disease. 
B) Altitude sickness. 
C) Thrombocytopenia. 
D) Cardiovascular disease. 
E) Hemophilia. 
A) Sickle cell disease. 
B) Altitude sickness. 
C) Thrombocytopenia. 
D) Cardiovascular disease. 
E) Hemophilia.

Question 15

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the epiglottis. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage. 
A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the epiglottis. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage.

Question 16

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

Accepted Answer

A) systole of the left atrium 
B) diastole of the right ventricle 
C) systole of the left ventricle 
D) diastole of the right atrium 
E) diastole of the left atrium 
A) systole of the left atrium 
B) diastole of the right ventricle 
C) systole of the left ventricle 
D) diastole of the right atrium 
E) diastole of the left atrium

Question 17

The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot is

Accepted Answer

A) chymotrypsin. 
B) fibrin. 
C) thrombin. 
D) prothrombin. 
E) collagen. 
A) chymotrypsin. 
B) fibrin. 
C) thrombin. 
D) prothrombin. 
E) collagen.

Question 18

What will be the long-term effect of blocking the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

A) more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B) an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C) the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D) fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E) the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small 
A) more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B) an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C) the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D) fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E) the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small

Question 19

Heart rate will increase in the presence of increased

Accepted Answer

A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets. 
A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets.

Question 20

The plasma proteins in humans

Accepted Answer

A) maintain the blood's osmotic pressure. 
B) transport water-soluble lipids. 
C) carry out gas exchange. 
D) undergo aerobic metabolism. 
E) transport oxygen. 
A) maintain the blood's osmotic pressure. 
B) transport water-soluble lipids. 
C) carry out gas exchange. 
D) undergo aerobic metabolism. 
E) transport oxygen.

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

A person with a residual respiratory volume of 750 mL, a tidal volume of 500 mL, and a total lung capacity of 4500 mL would have a vital capacity of

Breathing is usually regulated by

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

If the delay in impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles is reduced, this would result in

The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to

During a prolonged dive, mammals such as the Weddell seal do all of the following except

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10% and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO₂ is

Pulse is a direct measure of

An atmospheric scientist has created a mixture of air consisting of 15% oxygen and PO₂ of 75 mm Hg. The overall air pressure is

If a molecule of CO₂ released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following except

After completing a race, a runner's heart rate begins to decelerate. Which of the following is responsible for this?

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot is

What will be the long-term effect of blocking the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed?

Heart rate will increase in the presence of increased

The plasma proteins in humans

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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