Question 1

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

Accepted Answer

A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E) white blood cells and platelets. 
A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E) white blood cells and platelets.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B) right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C) pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle 
A) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B) right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C) pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle

Question 3

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) nitric acid. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) carbon monoxide. 
A) nitric acid. 
B) nitrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) carbon monoxide.

Question 4

In mammals, most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli. 
A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli.

Question 5

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

Accepted Answer

A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins. 
A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins.

Question 6

An increase from pH 7.2 to pH 7.4 around hemoglobin causes

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin to release all bound oxygen molecules. 
B) an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen molecules. 
C) hemoglobin to denature. 
D) an increase in the binding of H⁺ by hemoglobin. 
E) hemoglobin to more readily give up its oxygen molecules. 
A) hemoglobin to release all bound oxygen molecules. 
B) an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen molecules. 
C) hemoglobin to denature. 
D) an increase in the binding of H⁺ by hemoglobin. 
E) hemoglobin to more readily give up its oxygen molecules.

Question 7

A portal system is

Accepted Answer

A) an area connecting arterioles to venules. 
B) a series of vessels that returns blood to the heart in an animal with an open circulatory system. 
C) a space within or between organs where blood is allowed to pool. 
D) a slightly muscular vessel that has minimal pumping action in an organism with no heart. 
E) a vessel or vessels connecting two capillary beds. 
A) an area connecting arterioles to venules. 
B) a series of vessels that returns blood to the heart in an animal with an open circulatory system. 
C) a space within or between organs where blood is allowed to pool. 
D) a slightly muscular vessel that has minimal pumping action in an organism with no heart. 
E) a vessel or vessels connecting two capillary beds.

Question 8

The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the

Accepted Answer

A) measurement of fatty deposits on the endothelium of arteries. 
B) measurement of the LDL/HDL ratio in peripheral blood. 
C) percent of blood volume made up of platelets. 
D) blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or >90 diastolic. 
E) number of leukocytes per mm³ of blood. 
A) measurement of fatty deposits on the endothelium of arteries. 
B) measurement of the LDL/HDL ratio in peripheral blood. 
C) percent of blood volume made up of platelets. 
D) blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or >90 diastolic. 
E) number of leukocytes per mm³ of blood.

Question 9

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) a broken limb. 
C) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D) dehydration. 
E) sodium depletion. 
A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) a broken limb. 
C) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
D) dehydration. 
E) sodium depletion.

Question 10

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Oxygen gas is approximately 21% of the total gases in the atmosphere, so the approximate partial pressure of oxygen is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2 mm Hg. 
B) 20.0 mm Hg. 
C) 76.0 mm Hg. 
D) 160.0 mm Hg. 
E) 508.0 mm Hg. 
A) 0.2 mm Hg. 
B) 20.0 mm Hg. 
C) 76.0 mm Hg. 
D) 160.0 mm Hg. 
E) 508.0 mm Hg.

Question 11

The set of blood vessels with the lowest blood pressure driving flow is

Accepted Answer

A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins. 
A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the metarterioles. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A paramedic arrives at a middle-aged man's home. The man is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. Upon examination of his medicine cabinet, the paramedic finds prescription bottles of statins and aspirin.
-The man can reduce the chance of recurrence of symptoms by I. reducing his LDL:HDL ratio.
II. exercising on a regular basis.
III. quitting smoking cigarettes.
IV. reducing consumption of trans fats.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I, II, III, and IV 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I, II, III, and IV

Question 13

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

Accepted Answer

A) higher PO₂. 
B) higher PCO₂. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH. 
E) lower osmotic pressure. 
A) higher PO₂. 
B) higher PCO₂. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH. 
E) lower osmotic pressure.

Question 14

To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal, atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross

Accepted Answer

A) zero membranes-oxygen binds directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
B) one membrane-that of the lining in the lungs-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
C) two membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
D) four membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the pulmonary capillary-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
E) five membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the pulmonary capillary, and into the red blood cell-to bind with hemoglobin. 
A) zero membranes-oxygen binds directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
B) one membrane-that of the lining in the lungs-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
C) two membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
D) four membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the pulmonary capillary-and then bind directly to hemoglobin, a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
E) five membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung, in and out of the endothelial cell lining the pulmonary capillary, and into the red blood cell-to bind with hemoglobin.

Question 15

Blood entering a capillary bed of an unusual vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors, as shown below.
  
-A group of students was designing an experiment to test the effect of smoking on grass frogs. They hypothesized that keeping the frogs in a smoke-filled environment for defined periods would result in the animals developing lung cancer. However, when they searched for previously published information to shore up their hypothesis, they discovered they were quite wrong in their original assessment. Even though they were never going to go ahead with their experiment (so as not to harm frogs needlessly), they knew that a more likely outcome of putting carcinogens in the air would be the development of

Accepted Answer

A) the amphibian equivalent of hypertension. 
B) skin cancer. 
C) gill abnormalities in the next generation of tadpoles. 
D) tracheal tube abnormalities. 
E) diminished absorption of oxygen. 
A) the amphibian equivalent of hypertension. 
B) skin cancer. 
C) gill abnormalities in the next generation of tadpoles. 
D) tracheal tube abnormalities. 
E) diminished absorption of oxygen.

Question 16

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

Accepted Answer

A) production of erythropoietin. 
B) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. 
C) activation of prothrombin to thrombin. 
D) increase in platelets. 
E) synthesis of hemoglobin. 
A) production of erythropoietin. 
B) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. 
C) activation of prothrombin to thrombin. 
D) increase in platelets. 
E) synthesis of hemoglobin.

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
At a crime scene, an analyst finds a large pool of blood. After centrifugation, it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection.
-Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

A) The culprit had a very low platelet and high leukocyte counts. 
B) The culprit had misshapen erythrocytes and low monocyte counts. 
C) The culprit had low platelet and leukocyte counts. 
D) The culprit had high platelet and leukocyte counts. 
E) The culprit had high platelet and low leukocyte counts. 
A) The culprit had a very low platelet and high leukocyte counts. 
B) The culprit had misshapen erythrocytes and low monocyte counts. 
C) The culprit had low platelet and leukocyte counts. 
D) The culprit had high platelet and leukocyte counts. 
E) The culprit had high platelet and low leukocyte counts.

Question 18

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because

Accepted Answer

A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. 
B) the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract. 
C) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. 
D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. 
E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 
A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. 
B) the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract. 
C) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. 
D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. 
E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes.

Question 19

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) mouse 
B) rabbit 
C) human 
D) hippopotamus 
E) giraffe 
A) mouse 
B) rabbit 
C) human 
D) hippopotamus 
E) giraffe

Question 20

Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (Hb = hemoglobin)

Accepted Answer

A) Hb + 4 O₂ → Hb(O₂)₄ 
B) Hb(O₂)₄ → Hb + 4 O₂ 
C) CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ 
D) H₂CO₃ → H⁺ + HCO₃- 
E) Hb + 4 CO₂ → Hb(CO₂)₄ 
A) Hb + 4 O₂ → Hb(O₂)₄ 
B) Hb(O₂)₄ → Hb + 4 O₂ 
C) CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ 
D) H₂CO₃ → H⁺ + HCO₃- 
E) Hb + 4 CO₂ → Hb(CO₂)₄

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

In mammals, most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is

An increase from pH 7.2 to pH 7.4 around hemoglobin causes

A portal system is

The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the

Small swollen areas in the neck, groin, and axillary region are associated with

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Oxygen gas is approximately 21% of the total gases in the atmosphere, so the approximate partial pressure of oxygen is

The set of blood vessels with the lowest blood pressure driving flow is

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal, atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

Use the following information to answer the questions below. At a crime scene, an analyst finds a large pool of blood. After centrifugation, it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection. -Which of the following statements are true?

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Which of the following reactions prevails in red blood cells traveling through alveolar capillaries? (Hb = hemoglobin)

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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