Question 1

A diagnosis of Angelman syndrome in a child is supported by which assessment findings? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Small feet and hands 
B) Profound intellectual disability 
C) Obesity 
D) Ataxic gait 
E) History of seizures 
A) Small feet and hands 
B) Profound intellectual disability 
C) Obesity 
D) Ataxic gait 
E) History of seizures B, D, E

Question 2

What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A) Epigenetic modifications 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Transgenerational inheritance 
D) Methylation 
A) Epigenetic modifications 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Transgenerational inheritance 
D) Methylation A

Question 3

What do hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in?

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development. 
B) A deactivation of MLH1 to halt DNA repair. 
C) An increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant. 
D) An over-expression of microRNA, resulting in tumorigenesis. 
A) A decrease in the activity of the oncogene, thus suppressing cancer development. 
B) A deactivation of MLH1 to halt DNA repair. 
C) An increase in tumor progression from benign to malignant. 
D) An over-expression of microRNA, resulting in tumorigenesis. C

Question 4

What are genes responsible for the maintenance of all cells referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A) Universal 
B) Managerial 
C) Housekeeping 
D) Executive 
A) Universal 
B) Managerial 
C) Housekeeping 
D) Executive

Question 5

What is the belief regarding twins who adopt dramatically different lifestyles?

Accepted Answer

A) They may experience very different aging processes. 
B) They will retain very similar methylation patterns. 
C) They will experience identical phenotypes throughout their lifespans. 
D) They may never demonstrate similar DNA sequences of their somatic cells. 
A) They may experience very different aging processes. 
B) They will retain very similar methylation patterns. 
C) They will experience identical phenotypes throughout their lifespans. 
D) They may never demonstrate similar DNA sequences of their somatic cells.

Question 6

When a chromosome lacking 4 million base pairs is inherited from the mother, the child is at risk for developing which syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Prader-Willi 
B) Angelman 
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann 
D) Russell-Silver 
A) Prader-Willi 
B) Angelman 
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann 
D) Russell-Silver

Question 7

Which term refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair?

Accepted Answer

A) Activated 
B) Altered 
C) Mutated 
D) Imprinted 
A) Activated 
B) Altered 
C) Mutated 
D) Imprinted

Question 8

What is most likely the shape of the face of a child diagnosed with Russell-Silver syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Round 
B) Square 
C) Triangular 
D) Elongated 
A) Round 
B) Square 
C) Triangular 
D) Elongated

Question 9

When microRNA (miRNA) are methylated their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets are over-expressed. What would be the resulting effect on existing cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell death 
B) Metastasis 
C) Remission 
D) Relapse 
A) Cell death 
B) Metastasis 
C) Remission 
D) Relapse

Question 10

What is the difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA sequence mutations can be directly altered. 
B) Leukemia is a result of only DNA sequence mutation. 
C) Epigenetic modifications potentially can be reversed. 
D) No known drug therapies are available for epigenetic modifications. 
A) DNA sequence mutations can be directly altered. 
B) Leukemia is a result of only DNA sequence mutation. 
C) Epigenetic modifications potentially can be reversed. 
D) No known drug therapies are available for epigenetic modifications.

Question 11

Which statement is true regarding the embryonic development of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They are already differentiated. 
B) They are referred to as housekeeping genes. 
C) They already demonstrate DNA sequencing. 
D) They are said to be totipotent. 
A) They are already differentiated. 
B) They are referred to as housekeeping genes. 
C) They already demonstrate DNA sequencing. 
D) They are said to be totipotent.

Question 12

A child's diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is supported by the presence of what? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) An omphalocele 
B) Neonatal hypoglycemia 
C) Creased earlobes 
D) Low birth weight 
E) A large tongue 
A) An omphalocele 
B) Neonatal hypoglycemia 
C) Creased earlobes 
D) Low birth weight 
E) A large tongue

Question 13

What can a malfunction in DNA methylation lead to?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothyroidism 
B) Blindness 
C) Cancer 
D) Diabetes mellitus 
A) Hypothyroidism 
B) Blindness 
C) Cancer 
D) Diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Prader-Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is what?

Accepted Answer

A) Initiated by postnatal exposure to a virus 
B) Inherited from the father 
C) Related to maternal alcohol abuse 
D) Transferred from mother to child 
A) Initiated by postnatal exposure to a virus 
B) Inherited from the father 
C) Related to maternal alcohol abuse 
D) Transferred from mother to child

Exam 6: Epigenetics and Disease

A diagnosis of Angelman syndrome in a child is supported by which assessment findings? (Select all that apply.)

What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical twins?

What do hypomethylation and the resulting effect on oncogenes result in?

What are genes responsible for the maintenance of all cells referred to as?

What is the belief regarding twins who adopt dramatically different lifestyles?

When a chromosome lacking 4 million base pairs is inherited from the mother, the child is at risk for developing which syndrome?

Which term refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair?

What is most likely the shape of the face of a child diagnosed with Russell-Silver syndrome?

When microRNA (miRNA) are methylated their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets are over-expressed. What would be the resulting effect on existing cancer?

What is the difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications?

Which statement is true regarding the embryonic development of stem cells?

A child's diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is supported by the presence of what? (Select all that apply.)

What can a malfunction in DNA methylation lead to?

Prader-Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is what?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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