Question 1

Which of these play a role in the control of fungal infections? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Cytokines 
B) Macrophages 
C) Natural killer cells 
D) Neutrophils 
E) T lymphocytes 
A) Cytokines 
B) Macrophages 
C) Natural killer cells 
D) Neutrophils 
E) T lymphocytes A, B, D, E

Question 2

Which secretions transmit HIV? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Semen 
B) Urine 
C) Saliva 
D) Breast milk 
E) Sweat 
A) Semen 
B) Urine 
C) Saliva 
D) Breast milk 
E) Sweat A, D

Question 3

A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal infections. What information should the student use to help another student understand?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B) Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections. 
C) Fungal infections release endotoxins. 
D) Vaccines prevent fungal infections. 
A) Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B) Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections. 
C) Fungal infections release endotoxins. 
D) Vaccines prevent fungal infections. B

Question 4

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A) Starvation 
B) Traumatic injury 
C) Cardiovascular disease 
D) Infectious disease 
A) Starvation 
B) Traumatic injury 
C) Cardiovascular disease 
D) Infectious disease

Question 5

Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Mycoplasma 
A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Mycoplasma

Question 6

Which infections are fungal? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Ringworm 
B) Candida 
C) Cholera 
D) Athlete's foot 
E) Aspergillus 
A) Ringworm 
B) Candida 
C) Cholera 
D) Athlete's foot 
E) Aspergillus

Question 7

How is toxigenicity defined?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host 
B) The pathogen's ability to produce disease by the production of a soluble toxin 
C) The ability of an agent to produce disease 
D) The potency of a pathogen measured in terms of the number of microorganisms required to kill the host 
A) The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host 
B) The pathogen's ability to produce disease by the production of a soluble toxin 
C) The ability of an agent to produce disease 
D) The potency of a pathogen measured in terms of the number of microorganisms required to kill the host

Question 8

What is the ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A) Infectivity 
B) Toxigenicity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence 
A) Infectivity 
B) Toxigenicity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence

Question 9

Which are complications of AIDS? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Kaposi sarcoma 
B) Helicobacter pylori 
C) Cytomegalovirus retinitis 
D) Herpes simplex infection 
E) Legionella pneumophila 
A) Kaposi sarcoma 
B) Helicobacter pylori 
C) Cytomegalovirus retinitis 
D) Herpes simplex infection 
E) Legionella pneumophila

Question 10

What does the student learn about HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV only infects T-helper (Th) cells. 
B) HIV is a retrovirus. 
C) HIV carries genetic information in its DNA. 
D) HIV has five identified strains. 
A) HIV only infects T-helper (Th) cells. 
B) HIV is a retrovirus. 
C) HIV carries genetic information in its DNA. 
D) HIV has five identified strains.

Question 11

Which statements are true regarding viruses? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses are very complex microorganisms. 
B) Viruses are referred to as eukaryotes. 
C) Viruses are capable of producing messenger RNA (mRN
A) . 
D) Viruses penetrate plasma membranes via endocytosis. 
E) Viruses are capable of uncoating cytoplasmic nucleocapsid. 
A) Viruses are very complex microorganisms. 
B) Viruses are referred to as eukaryotes. 
C) Viruses are capable of producing messenger RNA (mRN
A) . 
D) Viruses penetrate plasma membranes via endocytosis. 
E) Viruses are capable of uncoating cytoplasmic nucleocapsid.

Question 12

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B) It is needed to produce integrase. 
C) It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D) It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. 
A) Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B) It is needed to produce integrase. 
C) It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D) It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.

Question 13

Considering the hypothalamus, what is a fever produced by?

Accepted Answer

A) Endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus 
B) Exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus 
C) Immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus 
D) Cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus 
A) Endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus 
B) Exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus 
C) Immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus 
D) Cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus

Question 14

Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholera 
B) Candida 
C) Sleeping sickness 
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever 
A) Cholera 
B) Candida 
C) Sleeping sickness 
D) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 15

What is the final stage of the infectious process?

Accepted Answer

A) Colonization 
B) Invasion 
C) Multiplication 
D) Spread 
A) Colonization 
B) Invasion 
C) Multiplication 
D) Spread

Question 16

Some bacterial surface proteins bind with the crystalline fragment (Fc) portion of an antibody to do what?

Accepted Answer

A) Hide in cells to avoid triggering an immune response 
B) Form self-protecting toxins 
C) Make staining possible for microscopic observation 
D) Produce a protective "self" protein 
A) Hide in cells to avoid triggering an immune response 
B) Form self-protecting toxins 
C) Make staining possible for microscopic observation 
D) Produce a protective "self" protein

Question 17

A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation?

Accepted Answer

A) Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. 
B) Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. 
C) Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection. 
D) Vaccines provide effective protection against most infections. 
A) Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. 
B) Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. 
C) Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection. 
D) Vaccines provide effective protection against most infections.

Question 18

A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. 
B) Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. 
C) Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades. 
D) Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. 
A) Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. 
B) Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. 
C) Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades. 
D) Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.

Question 19

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses 
B) Bacteria and fungi 
C) Protozoa and Rickettsiae 
D) Mycoplasma 
A) Viruses 
B) Bacteria and fungi 
C) Protozoa and Rickettsiae 
D) Mycoplasma

Question 20

Which statements are true regarding endotoxins? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides. 
B) Endotoxins are located in the walls of bacteria. 
C) Endotoxins are created during the process of lysis. 
D) Endotoxins are found in gram-negative microorganisms. 
E) Endotoxins are released during the destruction of its host. 
A) Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides. 
B) Endotoxins are located in the walls of bacteria. 
C) Endotoxins are created during the process of lysis. 
D) Endotoxins are found in gram-negative microorganisms. 
E) Endotoxins are released during the destruction of its host.

Exam 10: Infection

Which of these play a role in the control of fungal infections? (Select all that apply.)

Which secretions transmit HIV? (Select all that apply.)

A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal infections. What information should the student use to help another student understand?

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?

Which infections are fungal? (Select all that apply.)

How is toxigenicity defined?

What is the ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host referred to as?

Which are complications of AIDS? (Select all that apply.)

What does the student learn about HIV?

Which statements are true regarding viruses? (Select all that apply.)

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

Considering the hypothalamus, what is a fever produced by?

Which disease is an example of a rickettsial infection?

What is the final stage of the infectious process?

Some bacterial surface proteins bind with the crystalline fragment (Fc) portion of an antibody to do what?

A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation?

A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

Which statements are true regarding endotoxins? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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