Question 1

What do most childhood cancers arise from?

Accepted Answer

A) Epithelium 
B) Mesodermal germ layer 
C) Embryologic ectodermal layer 
D) Viscera 
A) Epithelium 
B) Mesodermal germ layer 
C) Embryologic ectodermal layer 
D) Viscera B

Question 2

Currently, what percentage of children with cancer can be cured?

Accepted Answer

A) 40% 
B) 50% 
C) 60% 
D) 85% 
A) 40% 
B) 50% 
C) 60% 
D) 85% D

Question 3

Childhood exposure to which risk factors is known to increase the susceptibility for developing cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Low birth weight 
B) Chemotherapy 
C) Ionizing radiation 
D) Cigarette smoke 
E) Epstein-Barr virus 
A) Low birth weight 
B) Chemotherapy 
C) Ionizing radiation 
D) Cigarette smoke 
E) Epstein-Barr virus B, C, E

Question 4

Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer that ultimately produces which of these? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Connective tissue 
B) Digestive system 
C) Muscles 
D) Kidneys 
E) Blood 
A) Connective tissue 
B) Digestive system 
C) Muscles 
D) Kidneys 
E) Blood

Question 5

When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

A) During infancy 
B) At peak times of physical growth 
C) After diagnosis of a chronic illness 
D) After an acute illness 
A) During infancy 
B) At peak times of physical growth 
C) After diagnosis of a chronic illness 
D) After an acute illness

Question 6

What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Down syndrome 
B) Wilms tumor 
C) Retinoblastoma 
D) Neuroblastoma 
A) Down syndrome 
B) Wilms tumor 
C) Retinoblastoma 
D) Neuroblastoma

Question 7

What does a child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an increased risk of developing?

Accepted Answer

A) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
B) Retinoblastoma 
C) Epstein-Barr 
D) Leukemia 
A) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 
B) Retinoblastoma 
C) Epstein-Barr 
D) Leukemia

Question 8

Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) They will most likely have a successful remission of tumor growth. 
B) They seldom require follow-up maintenance treatments. 
C) They are prone to experience severe developmental delays. 
D) They are at increased risk for developing childhood cancers. 
A) They will most likely have a successful remission of tumor growth. 
B) They seldom require follow-up maintenance treatments. 
C) They are prone to experience severe developmental delays. 
D) They are at increased risk for developing childhood cancers.

Question 9

Which statements are true regarding cancers that develop in children? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Childhood cancers tend to be fast growing. 
B) Childhood cancers are diagnosed during growth spurts. 
C) Childhood cancer generally metastasizes by the time of diagnosis. 
D) Childhood cancer is typically at low risk for aggressive metastasis. 
E) Childhood cancers respond well to standardized treatment modalities. 
A) Childhood cancers tend to be fast growing. 
B) Childhood cancers are diagnosed during growth spurts. 
C) Childhood cancer generally metastasizes by the time of diagnosis. 
D) Childhood cancer is typically at low risk for aggressive metastasis. 
E) Childhood cancers respond well to standardized treatment modalities.

Question 10

Which intervention has the greatest effect on a child's mortality rate when diagnosed with cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Age at the time of diagnosis 
B) Participation in clinical trials 
C) Proximity to a major cancer treatment center 
D) Parental involvement in the treatment planning 
A) Age at the time of diagnosis 
B) Participation in clinical trials 
C) Proximity to a major cancer treatment center 
D) Parental involvement in the treatment planning

Question 11

The healthcare professional is preparing a discussion on cancer and its occurrence among high school students. Which cancers will the professional include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Colorectal 
B) Brain 
C) Thyroid 
D) Breast 
E) Lung 
A) Colorectal 
B) Brain 
C) Thyroid 
D) Breast 
E) Lung

Question 12

Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Breast cancer 
B) Leukemia 
C) Vaginal cancer 
D) Lymphoma 
A) Breast cancer 
B) Leukemia 
C) Vaginal cancer 
D) Lymphoma

Question 13

How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?

Accepted Answer

A) Physicians are cautious about ordering CT scan on children younger than 10 years of age. 
B) CT scans are seldom conclusive when used to diagnosis head injuries in young children. 
C) The child's symptoms will determine whether a CT scan is necessary and worth the expense. 
D) Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer. 
A) Physicians are cautious about ordering CT scan on children younger than 10 years of age. 
B) CT scans are seldom conclusive when used to diagnosis head injuries in young children. 
C) The child's symptoms will determine whether a CT scan is necessary and worth the expense. 
D) Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer.

Question 14

Which statement is true concerning the difference between adult and childhood cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Numerous differences exist between these two categories of cancer. 
B) Genetic risk factors and congenital conditions are more related in childhood cancers. 
C) Environmental risks are strongly associated with childhood cancers. 
D) Exposure to pesticides is a minor risk for the development of adult cancers. 
E) Maternal exposure to carcinogenic substances presents little risk to the fetus. 
A) Numerous differences exist between these two categories of cancer. 
B) Genetic risk factors and congenital conditions are more related in childhood cancers. 
C) Environmental risks are strongly associated with childhood cancers. 
D) Exposure to pesticides is a minor risk for the development of adult cancers. 
E) Maternal exposure to carcinogenic substances presents little risk to the fetus.

Question 15

Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation syndromes?

Accepted Answer

A) Wilms tumor 
B) Retinoblastoma 
C) Osteosarcoma 
D) Rhabdomyosarcoma 
A) Wilms tumor 
B) Retinoblastoma 
C) Osteosarcoma 
D) Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 16

Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which virus?

Accepted Answer

A) Herpes simplex virus 
B) Influenza 
C) Varicella-zoster virus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
A) Herpes simplex virus 
B) Influenza 
C) Varicella-zoster virus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus

Exam 14: Cancer in Children

What do most childhood cancers arise from?

Currently, what percentage of children with cancer can be cured?

Childhood exposure to which risk factors is known to increase the susceptibility for developing cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer that ultimately produces which of these? (Select all that apply.)

When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?

What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?

What does a child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an increased risk of developing?

Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy?

Which statements are true regarding cancers that develop in children? (Select all that apply.)

Which intervention has the greatest effect on a child's mortality rate when diagnosed with cancer?

The healthcare professional is preparing a discussion on cancer and its occurrence among high school students. Which cancers will the professional include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)

Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?

How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?

Which statement is true concerning the difference between adult and childhood cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation syndromes?

Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which virus?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters