Question 1

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with what?

Accepted Answer

A) Schizophrenia 
B) Major depression 
C) Mania 
D) Panic disorder 
A) Schizophrenia 
B) Major depression 
C) Mania 
D) Panic disorder B

Question 2

A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotransmitter is found in individuals with depression?

Accepted Answer

A) Norepinephrine 
B) Serotonin 
C) Dopamine 
D) Acetylcholine 
A) Norepinephrine 
B) Serotonin 
C) Dopamine 
D) Acetylcholine B

Question 3

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 12 
A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 12 B

Question 4

A patient is starting on a new prescription for sertraline. What side effects does the healthcare professional educate the patient about? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Orthostatic hypotension 
B) Dry mouth 
C) Sleep disturbances 
D) Agitation 
E) Nausea 
A) Orthostatic hypotension 
B) Dry mouth 
C) Sleep disturbances 
D) Agitation 
E) Nausea

Question 5

The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they do what?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse 
B) Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse 
C) Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse 
D) Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse 
A) Increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse 
B) Increase neurotransmitter levels in the presynapse 
C) Decrease neurotransmitter levels in the postsynapse 
D) Decrease neurotransmitter levels within the synapse

Question 6

A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypernatremia 
B) Hyponatremia 
C) Hyperkalemia 
D) Hypokalemia 
A) Hypernatremia 
B) Hyponatremia 
C) Hyperkalemia 
D) Hypokalemia

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A) Dopamine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid 
C) Acetylcholine 
D) Serotonin 
A) Dopamine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid 
C) Acetylcholine 
D) Serotonin

Question 8

A patient is taking phenelzine and presents to the clinic complaining of "feeling awful." The patient reports eating aged cheese and avocados last night. What assessment by the healthcare professional is the priority?

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney function studies 
B) Blood pressure 
C) Chest x-ray 
D) Weight 
A) Kidney function studies 
B) Blood pressure 
C) Chest x-ray 
D) Weight

Question 9

A patient has positive signs of schizophrenia and is scheduled for a brain scan. What part of the brain does the healthcare professional expect the scan will focus on?

Accepted Answer

A) Parietal lobe 
B) Limbic system 
C) Temporal lobe 
D) Hypothalamus 
A) Parietal lobe 
B) Limbic system 
C) Temporal lobe 
D) Hypothalamus

Question 10

Which neurotransmitters are inhibited in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Acetylcholine 
B) Serotonin 
C) Dopamine 
D) Norepinephrine 
E) Epinephrine 
A) Acetylcholine 
B) Serotonin 
C) Dopamine 
D) Norepinephrine 
E) Epinephrine

Question 11

A severely depressed patient has been taking venlafaxine but is now pregnant and asks the healthcare professional what treatment options are available for her. What therapy does the professional discuss as a first choice?

Accepted Answer

A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
B) Switch to haloperidol 
C) Intensive psychotherapy until the baby is weaned 
D) Limit zinc and magnesium in the diet 
A) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
B) Switch to haloperidol 
C) Intensive psychotherapy until the baby is weaned 
D) Limit zinc and magnesium in the diet

Question 12

A patient has started on clozapine. The healthcare professional educates the patient that this drug blocks which neurotransmitter receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) Norepinephrine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid 
C) Serotonin 
D) Dopamine 
A) Norepinephrine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid 
C) Serotonin 
D) Dopamine

Question 13

A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) A recent major loss 
B) Family history of nightmares 
C) History of traumatic event 
D) Poor nutrition and weight loss 
A) A recent major loss 
B) Family history of nightmares 
C) History of traumatic event 
D) Poor nutrition and weight loss

Question 14

Significant numbers of individuals with depression have problems related to what? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Sleep cycles 
B) Weight stabilization 
C) Eating patterns 
D) Thyroid function 
E) Cognitive skills 
A) Sleep cycles 
B) Weight stabilization 
C) Eating patterns 
D) Thyroid function 
E) Cognitive skills

Question 15

What is a notable complication of panic disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Avolition 
B) Anhedonia 
C) Alogia 
D) Agoraphobia 
A) Avolition 
B) Anhedonia 
C) Alogia 
D) Agoraphobia

Question 16

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A) Blunted affect 
B) Auditory hallucinations 
C) Poverty of speech 
D) Lack of social interaction 
A) Blunted affect 
B) Auditory hallucinations 
C) Poverty of speech 
D) Lack of social interaction

Question 17

A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspected schizophrenia. For which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess?

Accepted Answer

A) Viral infection 
B) Maternal depression 
C) Maternal smoking 
D) Exposure to toxic waste 
A) Viral infection 
B) Maternal depression 
C) Maternal smoking 
D) Exposure to toxic waste

Question 18

A patient has a history of panic disorder. What substances does the healthcare professional teach the patient to avoid? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon dioxide 
B) Coffee 
C) Diesel fumes 
D) Soda pop 
E) Asbestos 
A) Carbon dioxide 
B) Coffee 
C) Diesel fumes 
D) Soda pop 
E) Asbestos

Question 19

What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals with depression show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone. 
B) Individuals with depression have a decreased plasma cortisol level, despite the administration of exogenous corticosteroids. 
C) Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression. 
D) Individuals with depression have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed. 
A) Individuals with depression show suppression of plasma cortisol when given dexamethasone. 
B) Individuals with depression have a decreased plasma cortisol level, despite the administration of exogenous corticosteroids. 
C) Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression. 
D) Individuals with depression have normal plasma cortisol levels throughout the day when they take antidepressant medication as prescribed.

Exam 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with what?

A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotransmitter is found in individuals with depression?

A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

A patient is starting on a new prescription for sertraline. What side effects does the healthcare professional educate the patient about? (Select all that apply.)

The common property among the three types of medications used to treat depression is that they do what?

A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?

Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

A patient is taking phenelzine and presents to the clinic complaining of "feeling awful." The patient reports eating aged cheese and avocados last night. What assessment by the healthcare professional is the priority?

A patient has positive signs of schizophrenia and is scheduled for a brain scan. What part of the brain does the healthcare professional expect the scan will focus on?

Which neurotransmitters are inhibited in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? (Select all that apply.)

A severely depressed patient has been taking venlafaxine but is now pregnant and asks the healthcare professional what treatment options are available for her. What therapy does the professional discuss as a first choice?

A patient has started on clozapine. The healthcare professional educates the patient that this drug blocks which neurotransmitter receptor?

A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?

Significant numbers of individuals with depression have problems related to what? (Select all that apply.)

What is a notable complication of panic disorder?

Which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A healthcare professional is seeing a patient with suspected schizophrenia. For which prenatal occurrence should the professional assess?

A patient has a history of panic disorder. What substances does the healthcare professional teach the patient to avoid? (Select all that apply.)

What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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