Question 1

What is the cause of the dyspnea resulting from a thoracic aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure on surrounding organs 
B) Poor oxygenation 
C) Formation of atherosclerotic lesions 
D) Impaired blood flow 
A) Pressure on surrounding organs 
B) Poor oxygenation 
C) Formation of atherosclerotic lesions 
D) Impaired blood flow A

Question 2

Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease usually causes which form of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

A) Infiltrative 
B) Restrictive 
C) Septal 
D) Hypertrophic 
A) Infiltrative 
B) Restrictive 
C) Septal 
D) Hypertrophic B

Question 3

A patient who has lung cancer calls the clinic reports facial and neck swelling severe enough so that shirts no longer fit. What question by the healthcare professional there would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "Have you gained weight recently?" 
B) "Are your feet and ankles swollen?" 
C) "Does your voice sound hoarse?" 
D) "When was your last chemotherapy?" 
A) "Have you gained weight recently?" 
B) "Are your feet and ankles swollen?" 
C) "Does your voice sound hoarse?" 
D) "When was your last chemotherapy?" C

Question 4

In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases preload and decreases afterload 
B) Increases preload and increases afterload 
C) Decreases preload and increases afterload 
D) Decreases preload and decreases afterload 
A) Increases preload and decreases afterload 
B) Increases preload and increases afterload 
C) Decreases preload and increases afterload 
D) Decreases preload and decreases afterload

Question 5

When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
B) Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. 
C) Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines. 
D) Cells develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids. 
A) The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
B) Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. 
C) Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines. 
D) Cells develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids.

Question 6

How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Accepted Answer

A) By increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction 
B) By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia 
C) By reducing the contractility of the myocardium 
D) By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system 
A) By increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction 
B) By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia 
C) By reducing the contractility of the myocardium 
D) By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Which condition is a cause of acquired aortic regurgitation?

Accepted Answer

A) Congenital malformation 
B) Cardiac failure 
C) Rheumatic fever 
D) Coronary artery disease (CA
D)  
A) Congenital malformation 
B) Cardiac failure 
C) Rheumatic fever 
D) Coronary artery disease (CA
D)

Question 8

A disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum is the hallmark of which form of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

A) Dystrophic 
B) Hypertrophic 
C) Restrictive 
D) Dilated 
A) Dystrophic 
B) Hypertrophic 
C) Restrictive 
D) Dilated

Question 9

What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Compression of the renal tubules 
B) Ischemia of the tubule 
C) Increased pressure from within the tubule 
D) Obstruction of the renal tubule 
A) Compression of the renal tubules 
B) Ischemia of the tubule 
C) Increased pressure from within the tubule 
D) Obstruction of the renal tubule

Question 10

A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. What does the health care professional advise this person? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Avoid standing for long periods of time. 
B) Maintain a healthy weight. 
C) Drink plenty of fluids. 
D) Wear compression stockings. 
E) Choose a job that involves sitting. 
A) Avoid standing for long periods of time. 
B) Maintain a healthy weight. 
C) Drink plenty of fluids. 
D) Wear compression stockings. 
E) Choose a job that involves sitting.

Question 11

What factors contribute to the development of orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Altered body chemistry 
B) Drug action of certain antihypertensive agents 
C) Prolonged immobility 
D) Effects of aging on postural reflexes 
E) Any condition that produces volume overload 
A) Altered body chemistry 
B) Drug action of certain antihypertensive agents 
C) Prolonged immobility 
D) Effects of aging on postural reflexes 
E) Any condition that produces volume overload

Question 12

Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

Accepted Answer

A) Homocysteine 
B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D) C-reactive protein (CRP) 
A) Homocysteine 
B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 
C) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 
D) C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 13

Which factor can trigger an immune response in the bloodstream that may result in an embolus?

Accepted Answer

A) Amniotic fluid 
B) Fat 
C) Bacteria 
D) Air 
A) Amniotic fluid 
B) Fat 
C) Bacteria 
D) Air

Question 14

A patient who had a myocardial infarction is going to cardiac rehabilitation where progressive exercise is monitored by health care professionals. When would this patient be most vulnerable to injury and complications?

Accepted Answer

A) Between 5 and 9 days 
B) Between 10 and 14 days 
C) Between 15 and 20 days 
D) Between 20 and 30 days 
A) Between 5 and 9 days 
B) Between 10 and 14 days 
C) Between 15 and 20 days 
D) Between 20 and 30 days

Question 15

A patient in the clinic reports fever, arthralgia, a rash, and nosebleeds. What other information should the healthcare professional elicit from this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Family history of Marfan's disease 
B) History of a recent bacterial infection 
C) History of any recent chest trauma 
D) Any illnesses in family members 
A) Family history of Marfan's disease 
B) History of a recent bacterial infection 
C) History of any recent chest trauma 
D) Any illnesses in family members

Question 16

What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of blood supply?

Accepted Answer

A) Infarction 
B) Ischemia 
C) Necrosis 
D) Inflammation 
A) Infarction 
B) Ischemia 
C) Necrosis 
D) Inflammation

Question 17

A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?

Accepted Answer

A) Deep venous thrombosis 
B) Endocarditis 
C) Valvular disease 
D) Left heart failure 
A) Deep venous thrombosis 
B) Endocarditis 
C) Valvular disease 
D) Left heart failure

Question 18

A patient reports chest pain that occurs most often during sleep. What treatment does the healthcare professional discuss with the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea 
B) Short-acting nitroglycerin tablets 
C) A low-dose aspirin regimen 
D) Oral calcium channel blockers 
A) Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea 
B) Short-acting nitroglycerin tablets 
C) A low-dose aspirin regimen 
D) Oral calcium channel blockers

Question 19

What electrocardiogram (ECG) change would the healthcare professional assess for when a patient's myocardial infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

Accepted Answer

A) Prolonged QT interval 
B) ST elevation 
C) ST depression 
D) Prolonged PR interval 
A) Prolonged QT interval 
B) ST elevation 
C) ST depression 
D) Prolonged PR interval

Question 20

Which assessment findings would the health care professional correlate with aortic stenosis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Jugular vein distention 
B) Bounding pulses 
C) Hypotension 
D) Angina 
E) Syncope 
A) Jugular vein distention 
B) Bounding pulses 
C) Hypotension 
D) Angina 
E) Syncope

Exam 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

What is the cause of the dyspnea resulting from a thoracic aneurysm?

Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, or glycogen storage disease usually causes which form of cardiomyopathy?

A patient who has lung cancer calls the clinic reports facial and neck swelling severe enough so that shirts no longer fit. What question by the healthcare professional there would be most appropriate?

In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have on stroke volume?

When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?

How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

Which condition is a cause of acquired aortic regurgitation?

A disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum is the hallmark of which form of cardiomyopathy?

What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension?

A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. What does the health care professional advise this person? (Select all that apply.)

What factors contribute to the development of orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)

Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?

Which factor can trigger an immune response in the bloodstream that may result in an embolus?

A patient who had a myocardial infarction is going to cardiac rehabilitation where progressive exercise is monitored by health care professionals. When would this patient be most vulnerable to injury and complications?

A patient in the clinic reports fever, arthralgia, a rash, and nosebleeds. What other information should the healthcare professional elicit from this patient?

What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of blood supply?

A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?

A patient reports chest pain that occurs most often during sleep. What treatment does the healthcare professional discuss with the patient?

What electrocardiogram (ECG) change would the healthcare professional assess for when a patient's myocardial infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

Which assessment findings would the health care professional correlate with aortic stenosis? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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