Question 1

A patient has overactive bladder syndrome. Which classification of drug does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient about?

Accepted Answer

A) b-Adrenergic blocking medications 
B) a-Adrenergic blocking medications 
C) Parasympathomimetic medications 
D) Anticholinesterase medications 
A) b-Adrenergic blocking medications 
B) a-Adrenergic blocking medications 
C) Parasympathomimetic medications 
D) Anticholinesterase medications B

Question 2

Goodpasture syndrome is an example of which of these?

Accepted Answer

A) Antiglomerular basement membrane disease 
B) Acute glomerulonephritis 
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  nephropathy 
A) Antiglomerular basement membrane disease 
B) Acute glomerulonephritis 
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  nephropathy A

Question 3

Which glomerular lesion is characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with immune deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3?

Accepted Answer

A) Proliferative 
B) Membranous 
C) Mesangial 
D) Crescentic 
A) Proliferative 
B) Membranous 
C) Mesangial 
D) Crescentic B

Question 4

What medical term is used to identify a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurogenic bladder 
B) Obstructed bladder 
C) Necrotic bladder 
D) Retrograde bladder 
A) Neurogenic bladder 
B) Obstructed bladder 
C) Necrotic bladder 
D) Retrograde bladder

Question 5

A patient has renal colic. What information about this condition does the healthcare professional give the student? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Renal colic results in mild-to-moderate pain. 
B) Pain originates in the flank area. 
C) Renal colic indicates the presence of renal stones. 
D) Pain radiated to the groin. 
E) Renal colic indicates obstruction of the renal pelvis or proximal ureter. 
A) Renal colic results in mild-to-moderate pain. 
B) Pain originates in the flank area. 
C) Renal colic indicates the presence of renal stones. 
D) Pain radiated to the groin. 
E) Renal colic indicates obstruction of the renal pelvis or proximal ureter.

Question 6

Which urine characteristics are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by intrinsic (intrarenal) failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Urine sodium >30 mEq/L B) Urine osmolality >500 mOsm C) Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1% D) Urine sediment has no cells, some hyaline casts A) Urine sodium >30 mEq/L B) Urine osmolality >500 mOsm C) Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1% D) Urine sediment has no cells, some hyaline casts

Question 7

Which abnormal laboratory value is found in glomerular disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) Elevated creatinine concentration 
B) Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C) Elevated immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
D) Low serum complement 
A) Elevated creatinine concentration 
B) Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C) Elevated immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
D) Low serum complement

Question 8

Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Parasites 
A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Parasites

Question 9

Detrusor hyperreflexia develops from neurologic disorders that originate where?

Accepted Answer

A) Spinal cord between C2 and C4 
B) Spinal cord between S2 and S4 
C) Above the pontine micturition center 
D) Below the cauda equina 
A) Spinal cord between C2 and C4 
B) Spinal cord between S2 and S4 
C) Above the pontine micturition center 
D) Below the cauda equina

Question 10

When the right kidney is obstructed, how will the glomeruli and tubules in the left kidney compensate?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase in number 
B) Increase in size 
C) Develop collateral circulation 
D) Increase speed of production 
A) Increase in number 
B) Increase in size 
C) Develop collateral circulation 
D) Increase speed of production

Question 11

How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiotensin II activity is decreased. 
B) Angiotensin II activity is elevated. 
C) Angiotensin II activity is totally suppressed. 
D) Angiotensin II activity is not affected. 
A) Angiotensin II activity is decreased. 
B) Angiotensin II activity is elevated. 
C) Angiotensin II activity is totally suppressed. 
D) Angiotensin II activity is not affected.

Question 12

A patient has a lesion at the sacral segments below S1. Which conditions would the healthcare professional assess the patient for? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Frequency 
B) Urge incontinence 
C) Bladder distension 
D) Urgency 
E) Urinary retention 
A) Frequency 
B) Urge incontinence 
C) Bladder distension 
D) Urgency 
E) Urinary retention

Question 13

Which renal disorders are considered causes of intrarenal kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Acute glomerulonephritis 
B) Allograft rejection 
C) Tumors 
D) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) 
E) Prostatic hypertrophy 
A) Acute glomerulonephritis 
B) Allograft rejection 
C) Tumors 
D) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) 
E) Prostatic hypertrophy

Question 14

A patient who has a history of mildly decreased renal function is admitted to the hospital for IV antibiotics. Which antibiotics would the healthcare professional avoid in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillin and ampicillin 
B) Vancomycin and bacitracin 
C) Gentamicin and tobramycin 
D) Cefazolin and cefepime 
A) Penicillin and ampicillin 
B) Vancomycin and bacitracin 
C) Gentamicin and tobramycin 
D) Cefazolin and cefepime

Question 15

A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. What diagnostic test or treatment regime does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?

Accepted Answer

A) Intravenous pyelogram 
B) Oral antibiotics 
C) Renal biopsy 
D) Cyclophosphamide 
A) Intravenous pyelogram 
B) Oral antibiotics 
C) Renal biopsy 
D) Cyclophosphamide

Question 16

A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information?

Accepted Answer

A) Parathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels. 
B) The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. 
C) The synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. 
D) The effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone is impaired. 
A) Parathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels. 
B) The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. 
C) The synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. 
D) The effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone is impaired.

Question 17

A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either pyelonephritis or cystitis. Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Difficulty starting the stream of urine 
B) Spasmodic pain that radiates to the groin 
C) Increased glomerular filtration rate 
D) Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts 
A) Difficulty starting the stream of urine 
B) Spasmodic pain that radiates to the groin 
C) Increased glomerular filtration rate 
D) Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts

Question 18

A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Drink at least eight glasses of water a day. 
B) Take medication if you have a fever. 
C) Rest as much as you can in the next few days. 
D) After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back. 
A) Drink at least eight glasses of water a day. 
B) Take medication if you have a fever. 
C) Rest as much as you can in the next few days. 
D) After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back.

Question 19

Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?

Accepted Answer

A) Defective renal calcium reabsorption 
B) Intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium 
C) Bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization 
D) Hyperparathyroidism 
A) Defective renal calcium reabsorption 
B) Intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary calcium 
C) Bone demineralization caused by prolonged immobilization 
D) Hyperparathyroidism

Question 20

A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase water intake. 
B) Decrease soda intake. 
C) Restrict animal protein in the diet. 
D) Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. 
A) Increase water intake. 
B) Decrease soda intake. 
C) Restrict animal protein in the diet. 
D) Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day.

Exam 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

A patient has overactive bladder syndrome. Which classification of drug does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient about?

Goodpasture syndrome is an example of which of these?

Which glomerular lesion is characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with immune deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3?

What medical term is used to identify a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder?

A patient has renal colic. What information about this condition does the healthcare professional give the student? (Select all that apply.)

Which urine characteristics are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by intrinsic (intrarenal) failure?

Which abnormal laboratory value is found in glomerular disorders?

Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism?

Detrusor hyperreflexia develops from neurologic disorders that originate where?

When the right kidney is obstructed, how will the glomeruli and tubules in the left kidney compensate?

How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity?

A patient has a lesion at the sacral segments below S1. Which conditions would the healthcare professional assess the patient for? (Select all that apply.)

Which renal disorders are considered causes of intrarenal kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)

A patient who has a history of mildly decreased renal function is admitted to the hospital for IV antibiotics. Which antibiotics would the healthcare professional avoid in this patient?

A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. What diagnostic test or treatment regime does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?

A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information?

A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who could have either pyelonephritis or cystitis. Which differentiating sign would assist the professional in making this diagnosis?

A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection?

Hypercalciuria is primarily attributable to which alteration?

A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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