Question 1

What happens to the original bone during the second phase of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A) The original bone is replaced. 
B) It hardens. 
C) The original bone is resorbed. 
D) It is synthesized. 
A) The original bone is replaced. 
B) It hardens. 
C) The original bone is resorbed. 
D) It is synthesized. C

Question 2

What controls the movement of synovial fluid through cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A) Cartiloregulins 
B) Hyaluronate 
C) Proteoglycans 
D) Chondroitin 
A) Cartiloregulins 
B) Hyaluronate 
C) Proteoglycans 
D) Chondroitin C

Question 3

What information does the student learn about osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast. 
B) An osteocyte obtains nutrients from capillaries in the canaliculi. 
C) Osteocytes are the prime target of thyroid hormone action. 
D) Osteocytes signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts to form new bone. 
E) An osteocyte helps maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma. 
A) An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast. 
B) An osteocyte obtains nutrients from capillaries in the canaliculi. 
C) Osteocytes are the prime target of thyroid hormone action. 
D) Osteocytes signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts to form new bone. 
E) An osteocyte helps maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma. A, B, D, E

Question 4

Which statement describes a neuroregulin?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spinal card to the axon of motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers 
B) Neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension, velocity, and tone in muscles 
C) Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases acetylcholine receptors 
D) Mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle stretching 
A) Chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spinal card to the axon of motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers 
B) Neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension, velocity, and tone in muscles 
C) Proteoglycan secreted by neurons, which increases acetylcholine receptors 
D) Mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle stretching

Question 5

The professor is quizzing student on synovial fluid. Which statement shows the students need further instruction?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains protein polysaccharides to repair the synovial membrane after injury. 
B) It lubricates the joint surfaces, allowing ease of movement. 
C) It nourishes the pad of the articular cartilage. 
D) It contains leukocytes to phagocytize joint debris and microorganisms. 
A) It contains protein polysaccharides to repair the synovial membrane after injury. 
B) It lubricates the joint surfaces, allowing ease of movement. 
C) It nourishes the pad of the articular cartilage. 
D) It contains leukocytes to phagocytize joint debris and microorganisms.

Question 6

The professor asks a student to describe the movement of a diarthrosis joint. What answer by the student is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Immovable joint 
B) Slightly moveable 
C) Variable movement 
D) Freely moveable 
A) Immovable joint 
B) Slightly moveable 
C) Variable movement 
D) Freely moveable

Question 7

The hyaline cartilage joints between the ribs and sternum are examples of which type of joint?

Accepted Answer

A) Synchondrosis 
B) Symphysis 
C) Gomphosis 
D) Syndesmosis 
A) Synchondrosis 
B) Symphysis 
C) Gomphosis 
D) Syndesmosis

Question 8

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) Magnesium 
A) Sodium 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) Magnesium

Question 9

Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoclasts 
B) Osteocytes 
C) Osteoblasts 
D) Osteophytes 
A) Osteoclasts 
B) Osteocytes 
C) Osteoblasts 
D) Osteophytes

Question 10

The stage of healing in the bone that involves procallus formation entails which process?

Accepted Answer

A) Formation of a hematoma that allows the development of a fibrin network 
B) Production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts 
C) Development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone 
D) Remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces 
A) Formation of a hematoma that allows the development of a fibrin network 
B) Production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts 
C) Development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone 
D) Remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces

Question 11

Which component is found in synovial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein polysaccharides 
B) Water 
C) Leukocytes 
D) Chondrocytes 
A) Protein polysaccharides 
B) Water 
C) Leukocytes 
D) Chondrocytes

Question 12

Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Carbonate 
B) Phosphate 
C) Selenium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Calcium 
A) Carbonate 
B) Phosphate 
C) Selenium 
D) Magnesium 
E) Calcium

Question 13

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Bone albumin 
A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Bone albumin

Question 14

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A) Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation 
B) Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling 
C) Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction 
D) Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation 
A) Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation 
B) Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling 
C) Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction 
D) Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation

Question 15

Which statement indicates that a student needs more information about muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle comprises 50% of an adult's body weight and 40% of a child's body weight. 
B) Muscle is 75% water, 20% protein, and 5% organic and inorganic compounds. 
C) Muscle contains 32% of all protein stores for energy and metabolism. 
D) Muscles are encased in fascia. 
A) Muscle comprises 50% of an adult's body weight and 40% of a child's body weight. 
B) Muscle is 75% water, 20% protein, and 5% organic and inorganic compounds. 
C) Muscle contains 32% of all protein stores for energy and metabolism. 
D) Muscles are encased in fascia.

Question 16

Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoclasts 
B) Osteocytes 
C) Fibrocytes 
D) Osteoblasts 
A) Osteoclasts 
B) Osteocytes 
C) Fibrocytes 
D) Osteoblasts

Question 17

As the innervation ratio of a particular organ increases, what other property also increases?

Accepted Answer

A) Control 
B) Movement 
C) Coordination 
D) Endurance 
A) Control 
B) Movement 
C) Coordination 
D) Endurance

Question 18

The student learns that after puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis merges with which structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Epiphyseal line 
B) Epiphyseal plate 
C) Metaphysis 
D) Articular cartilage 
A) Epiphyseal line 
B) Epiphyseal plate 
C) Metaphysis 
D) Articular cartilage

Question 19

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Small channels called canaliculi 
B) Osteocytes within the lacunae 
C) Tiny spaces within the lacunae 
D) Haversian system 
A) Small channels called canaliculi 
B) Osteocytes within the lacunae 
C) Tiny spaces within the lacunae 
D) Haversian system

Question 20

Which factors influence the rate of protein synthesis of skeletal muscles? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin 
B) Cortisol 
C) Parathyroid hormone 
D) Growth hormone 
E) Amino acid substrates 
A) Insulin 
B) Cortisol 
C) Parathyroid hormone 
D) Growth hormone 
E) Amino acid substrates

Exam 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

What happens to the original bone during the second phase of bone remodeling?

What controls the movement of synovial fluid through cartilage?

What information does the student learn about osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement describes a neuroregulin?

The professor is quizzing student on synovial fluid. Which statement shows the students need further instruction?

The professor asks a student to describe the movement of a diarthrosis joint. What answer by the student is best?

The hyaline cartilage joints between the ribs and sternum are examples of which type of joint?

Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?

The stage of healing in the bone that involves procallus formation entails which process?

Which component is found in synovial fluid?

Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction?

Which statement indicates that a student needs more information about muscles?

Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid?

As the innervation ratio of a particular organ increases, what other property also increases?

The student learns that after puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis merges with which structure?

What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?

Which factors influence the rate of protein synthesis of skeletal muscles? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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