Question 1

What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased serum calcium levels 
B) Decreased serum magnesium levels 
C) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone 
D) Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone 
A) Increased serum calcium levels 
B) Decreased serum magnesium levels 
C) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone 
D) Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone A

Question 2

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells 
B) Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts 
C) Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle 
A) Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells 
B) Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts 
C) Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle A

Question 3

A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B) Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. 
C) Too little hormone production is initiated. 
D) Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system. 
A) Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B) Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. 
C) Too little hormone production is initiated. 
D) Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system. D

Question 4

What are the effects of aging on pancreatic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Pancreatic cells are replaced by fibrotic cells. 
B) Increased insulin production is typical. 
C) Beta cell function decreases. 
D) No appreciable change occurs on pancreatic cells. 
A) Pancreatic cells are replaced by fibrotic cells. 
B) Increased insulin production is typical. 
C) Beta cell function decreases. 
D) No appreciable change occurs on pancreatic cells.

Question 5

Why is the control of calcium in cells important?

Accepted Answer

A) It is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B) It is continuously synthesized. 
C) It acts as a second messenger. 
D) It carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream. 
A) It is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B) It is continuously synthesized. 
C) It acts as a second messenger. 
D) It carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream.

Question 6

What are actions of glucocorticoids? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing muscle cell reuptake of glucose 
B) Fat storage 
C) Decreased blood glucose 
D) Carbohydrate metabolism 
E) Liver gluconeogenesis 
A) Decreasing muscle cell reuptake of glucose 
B) Fat storage 
C) Decreased blood glucose 
D) Carbohydrate metabolism 
E) Liver gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus 
B) Paraventricular nuclei 
C) Anterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary 
A) Hypothalamus 
B) Paraventricular nuclei 
C) Anterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 8

Which compound or hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) Cortisol 
B) Epinephrine 
C) Androgens 
D) Aldosterone 
A) Cortisol 
B) Epinephrine 
C) Androgens 
D) Aldosterone

Question 9

Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroxine 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone 
D) Insulin 
A) Thyroxine 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone 
D) Insulin

Question 10

Which hormone inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

A) Somatostatin 
B) Thyroxine 
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone 
D) Calcitonin 
A) Somatostatin 
B) Thyroxine 
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone 
D) Calcitonin

Question 11

What does aldosterone directly increase the reabsorption of?

Accepted Answer

A) Magnesium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Water 
A) Magnesium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Water

Question 12

A diabetic patient has not taken insulin in several days and has an extremely high blood sugar. What electrolyte would the health care professional assess as the priority?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Chloride 
A) Potassium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Chloride

Question 13

Regulation of the release of insulin is an example of which type of regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Negative feedback 
B) Positive feedback 
C) Neural 
D) Physiologic 
A) Negative feedback 
B) Positive feedback 
C) Neural 
D) Physiologic

Question 14

To ensure optimal thyroid health and function, which mineral does the health care professional advise a nutrition class to include in the daily diet?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodide 
D) Copper 
A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodide 
D) Copper

Question 15

What is the portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A) Posterior 
B) Inferior 
C) Anterior 
D) Superior 
A) Posterior 
B) Inferior 
C) Anterior 
D) Superior

Question 16

How do the releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A) Vessels of the zona fasciculata 
B) Infundibular process 
C) Pituitary stalk 
D) Portal hypophyseal blood vessels 
A) Vessels of the zona fasciculata 
B) Infundibular process 
C) Pituitary stalk 
D) Portal hypophyseal blood vessels

Question 17

What is the action of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases metabolism 
B) Decreases metabolism 
C) Increases serum calcium 
D) Decreases serum calcium 
A) Increases metabolism 
B) Decreases metabolism 
C) Increases serum calcium 
D) Decreases serum calcium

Question 18

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a b-adrenergic receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) 
A) Calcium 
B) Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Question 19

Which is an expected hormonal change in an older patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion below normal 
B) Triiodothyronine level below normal 
C) Cortisol level below normal 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone level above normal 
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion below normal 
B) Triiodothyronine level below normal 
C) Cortisol level below normal 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone level above normal

Question 20

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B) Thyroxine (T₄) 
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D) Triiodothyronine (T₃) 
A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B) Thyroxine (T₄) 
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D) Triiodothyronine (T₃)

Exam 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?

A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?

What are the effects of aging on pancreatic cells?

Why is the control of calcium in cells important?

What are actions of glucocorticoids? (Select all that apply.)

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Which compound or hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

Which hormone inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?

What does aldosterone directly increase the reabsorption of?

A diabetic patient has not taken insulin in several days and has an extremely high blood sugar. What electrolyte would the health care professional assess as the priority?

Regulation of the release of insulin is an example of which type of regulation?

To ensure optimal thyroid health and function, which mineral does the health care professional advise a nutrition class to include in the daily diet?

What is the portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin?

How do the releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary?

What is the action of calcitonin?

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a b-adrenergic receptor?

Which is an expected hormonal change in an older patient?

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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