Question 1

Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to do what?

Accepted Answer

A) Form a myelin sheath 
B) Remove cellular debris 
C) Transport nutrients 
D) Line the ventricles 
A) Form a myelin sheath 
B) Remove cellular debris 
C) Transport nutrients 
D) Line the ventricles A

Question 2

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Pons 
B) Midbrain 
C) Cerebellum 
D) Medulla oblongata 
A) Pons 
B) Midbrain 
C) Cerebellum 
D) Medulla oblongata D

Question 3

Where is the region responsible for the motor aspects of speech located?

Accepted Answer

A) Wernicke area in the temporal lobe 
B) Broca speech area in the frontal lobe 
C) Wronka area in the parietal lobe 
D) Barlow area in the occipital lobe 
A) Wernicke area in the temporal lobe 
B) Broca speech area in the frontal lobe 
C) Wronka area in the parietal lobe 
D) Barlow area in the occipital lobe B

Question 4

A patient is brought to the Emergency Department after being in an explosion. The patient was not seriously injured. Laboratory testing shows an elevated blood glucose (sugar) level, but the patient does not have diabetes. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) "You should have a physical by your primary care provider." 
B) "Your blood sugar may be high because of the stress of the situation." 
C) "You actually may have undiagnosed diabetes mellitus." 
D) "You should be tested for underlying neurological problems." 
A) "You should have a physical by your primary care provider." 
B) "Your blood sugar may be high because of the stress of the situation." 
C) "You actually may have undiagnosed diabetes mellitus." 
D) "You should be tested for underlying neurological problems."

Question 5

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) I (olfactory) 
B) III (oculomotor) 
C) VII (facial) 
D) IX (glossopharyngeal) 
E) X (vagus) 
A) I (olfactory) 
B) III (oculomotor) 
C) VII (facial) 
D) IX (glossopharyngeal) 
E) X (vagus)

Question 6

What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

A) Midbrain 
B) Reticular activating system 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Pons 
A) Midbrain 
B) Reticular activating system 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Pons

Question 7

Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

A) Ascending 
B) Descending 
C) Somatic 
D) Efferent 
A) Ascending 
B) Descending 
C) Somatic 
D) Efferent

Question 8

What is the collateral blood flow to the brain provided by?

Accepted Answer

A) Carotid arteries 
B) Basilar artery 
C) Circle of Willis 
D) Vertebral arteries 
A) Carotid arteries 
B) Basilar artery 
C) Circle of Willis 
D) Vertebral arteries

Question 9

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for involuntary muscle control and for maintaining balance and posture?

Accepted Answer

A) Cerebrum 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Diencephalon 
D) Brainstem 
A) Cerebrum 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Diencephalon 
D) Brainstem

Question 10

Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

Accepted Answer

A) Large nonmyelinated 
B) Large myelinated 
C) Small nonmyelinated 
D) Small myelinated 
A) Large nonmyelinated 
B) Large myelinated 
C) Small nonmyelinated 
D) Small myelinated

Question 11

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Thalamus 
B) Epithalamus 
C) Subthalamus 
D) Hypothalamus 
A) Thalamus 
B) Epithalamus 
C) Subthalamus 
D) Hypothalamus

Question 12

A healthcare professional is assessing a patient for dysfunction of cranial nerve VII. What assessment finding would confirm the professional's suspicion?

Accepted Answer

A) Patient is unable to open mouth against resistance. 
B) Patient does not display intact gag reflex. 
C) Patient is able to smile only on one side of the face. 
D) Patient's tongue deviates to the right when sticking out. 
A) Patient is unable to open mouth against resistance. 
B) Patient does not display intact gag reflex. 
C) Patient is able to smile only on one side of the face. 
D) Patient's tongue deviates to the right when sticking out.

Question 13

What part of the brain mediates the physical expression of emotions?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus 
B) Basal ganglia 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Subthalamus 
A) Hypothalamus 
B) Basal ganglia 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Subthalamus

Question 14

The nurse recognizes that a patient's diagnosis of a bacterial infection of the brain's meningeal layer is supported by which diagnostic laboratory result?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride 125 mEq/L 
B) Leukocytes 110/mm3 
C) Protein 32 mg/dL 
D) Glucose 63 mg/dL 
A) Chloride 125 mEq/L 
B) Leukocytes 110/mm3 
C) Protein 32 mg/dL 
D) Glucose 63 mg/dL

Question 15

Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Cerebellum 
B) Limbic system 
C) Prefrontal lobe 
D) Occipital lobe 
A) Cerebellum 
B) Limbic system 
C) Prefrontal lobe 
D) Occipital lobe

Question 16

Which of the meninges closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows the sulci and fissures?

Accepted Answer

A) Dura mater 
B) Arachnoid 
C) Pia mater 
D) Inner dura 
A) Dura mater 
B) Arachnoid 
C) Pia mater 
D) Inner dura

Question 17

The aging process brings about what changes to human cells? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Increased neurofibrillary tangles 
B) Imbalance of neurotransmitters 
C) Increased neuron production 
D) Decreased myelin presence 
E) Altered dendrite structure 
A) Increased neurofibrillary tangles 
B) Imbalance of neurotransmitters 
C) Increased neuron production 
D) Decreased myelin presence 
E) Altered dendrite structure

Question 18

Which statements are true regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) The BBB is dependent on astrocytes. 
B) It uses the meningeal layers of the brain. 
C) It restricts the flow of large molecules, such as plasma proteins. 
D) Naturally occurring inflammatory mediators affect the BBB. 
E) Becomes increasingly permeable with aging 
A) The BBB is dependent on astrocytes. 
B) It uses the meningeal layers of the brain. 
C) It restricts the flow of large molecules, such as plasma proteins. 
D) Naturally occurring inflammatory mediators affect the BBB. 
E) Becomes increasingly permeable with aging

Question 19

Norepinephrine produces what primary response?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased contractility of the heart 
B) Release of renin from the kidney 
C) Vasoconstriction 
D) Sleep cycle disturbance 
A) Increased contractility of the heart 
B) Release of renin from the kidney 
C) Vasoconstriction 
D) Sleep cycle disturbance

Question 20

Parkinson disease is associated with defects in which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Thalamus 
B) Medulla oblongata 
C) Cerebellum 
D) Substantia nigra 
A) Thalamus 
B) Medulla oblongata 
C) Cerebellum 
D) Substantia nigra

Exam 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to do what?

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?

Where is the region responsible for the motor aspects of speech located?

A patient is brought to the Emergency Department after being in an explosion. The patient was not seriously injured. Laboratory testing shows an elevated blood glucose (sugar) level, but the patient does not have diabetes. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition?

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves? (Select all that apply.)

What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness?

Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

What is the collateral blood flow to the brain provided by?

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for involuntary muscle control and for maintaining balance and posture?

Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?

A healthcare professional is assessing a patient for dysfunction of cranial nerve VII. What assessment finding would confirm the professional's suspicion?

What part of the brain mediates the physical expression of emotions?

The nurse recognizes that a patient's diagnosis of a bacterial infection of the brain's meningeal layer is supported by which diagnostic laboratory result?

Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?

Which of the meninges closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord and follows the sulci and fissures?

The aging process brings about what changes to human cells? (Select all that apply.)

Which statements are true regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? (Select all that apply.)

Norepinephrine produces what primary response?

Parkinson disease is associated with defects in which area of the brain?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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