Question 1

What requirements are necessary for calcium to be absorbed through the ileum at concentrations of less than 5 mmol/L? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Receptor site on the ileum 
B) Vitamin D3 
C) Vitamin K 
D) Carboxypeptidase 
E) A carrier protein 
A) Receptor site on the ileum 
B) Vitamin D3 
C) Vitamin K 
D) Carboxypeptidase 
E) A carrier protein B, E

Question 2

Which statement, made by a student, is correct regarding the state of the intestinal tract at birth?

Accepted Answer

A) The intestinal tract is colonized by Escherichia coli. 
B) The intestinal tract is sterile. 
C) Clostridium welchii is present in but in very small numbers. 
D) Streptococcus colonization in the intestinal tract has begun. 
A) The intestinal tract is colonized by Escherichia coli. 
B) The intestinal tract is sterile. 
C) Clostridium welchii is present in but in very small numbers. 
D) Streptococcus colonization in the intestinal tract has begun. B

Question 3

What is the primary source of physiologic iron?

Accepted Answer

A) Transferrin from plasma 
B) Pepsin form pepsinogen 
C) Bile from bilirubin 
D) Heme from animal protein 
A) Transferrin from plasma 
B) Pepsin form pepsinogen 
C) Bile from bilirubin 
D) Heme from animal protein D

Question 4

Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

A) Parietal 
B) Chief 
C) G 
D) D 
A) Parietal 
B) Chief 
C) G 
D) D

Question 5

What information does the student learn regarding the functions of the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. 
B) Bilirubin and S cells inhibit the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. 
C) Pancreatic polypeptide is released after eating. 
D) Acetylcholine (ACh) is liberated from the pancreatic branches of the vagus nerve. 
E) ACh stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. 
A) Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. 
B) Bilirubin and S cells inhibit the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. 
C) Pancreatic polypeptide is released after eating. 
D) Acetylcholine (ACh) is liberated from the pancreatic branches of the vagus nerve. 
E) ACh stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes.

Question 6

Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin B6 
B) Vitamin B1 
C) Vitamin K 
D) Folic acid 
A) Vitamin B6 
B) Vitamin B1 
C) Vitamin K 
D) Folic acid

Question 7

Where in the small intestines are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages produced?

Accepted Answer

A) Brush border 
B) Microvilli 
C) Lamina propria 
D) Crypts of Lieberkühn 
A) Brush border 
B) Microvilli 
C) Lamina propria 
D) Crypts of Lieberkühn

Question 8

Which water-soluble vitamins are dependent on sodium for absorption? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Pantothenic acid 
B) Vitamin B₁ 
C) Niacin 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ 
E) Folic acid 
A) Pantothenic acid 
B) Vitamin B₁ 
C) Niacin 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ 
E) Folic acid

Question 9

Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxyntic 
B) Chief 
C) D 
D) Enterochromaffin-like 
A) Oxyntic 
B) Chief 
C) D 
D) Enterochromaffin-like

Question 10

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network. What are these folds called?

Accepted Answer

A) Ligament of Treitz 
B) Mesentery 
C) Auerbach folds 
D) Lamina propria 
A) Ligament of Treitz 
B) Mesentery 
C) Auerbach folds 
D) Lamina propria

Question 11

What is the formation of water-soluble molecules to facilitate the absorption of the byproducts of lipid hydrolysis accomplished by?

Accepted Answer

A) Micelles 
B) Phospholipase 
C) Chylomicrons 
D) Colipase 
A) Micelles 
B) Phospholipase 
C) Chylomicrons 
D) Colipase

Question 12

A professor has taught a class of students about the characteristics of vitamin B₁₂. Which statement by a student demonstrates a need for more education?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed in the terminal ileum. 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed in its free (unbound) form in small amounts. 
C) Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for platelet maturation. 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ binds to intrinsic factor. 
A) Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed in the terminal ileum. 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed in its free (unbound) form in small amounts. 
C) Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for platelet maturation. 
D) Vitamin B₁₂ binds to intrinsic factor.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A) The gastrointestinal tract is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. 
B) The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. 
C) The gastrointestinal tract is a baglike structure that propels partially digested food (chyme). 
D) The gastrointestinal tract is 5 m long and consists of three segments. 
A) The gastrointestinal tract is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. 
B) The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. 
C) The gastrointestinal tract is a baglike structure that propels partially digested food (chyme). 
D) The gastrointestinal tract is 5 m long and consists of three segments.

Question 14

In the mouth and stomach, salivary a-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteins 
B) Carbohydrates 
C) Fats 
D) Fiber 
A) Proteins 
B) Carbohydrates 
C) Fats 
D) Fiber

Question 15

Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) Acetylcholine 
B) Pepsin 
C) Gastrin 
D) Secretin 
A) Acetylcholine 
B) Pepsin 
C) Gastrin 
D) Secretin

Question 16

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 17

What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?

Accepted Answer

A) Salivation becomes thinner. 
B) Salivation decreases. 
C) The pH of saliva changes. 
D) Digestive enzymes are inhibited. 
A) Salivation becomes thinner. 
B) Salivation decreases. 
C) The pH of saliva changes. 
D) Digestive enzymes are inhibited.

Question 18

What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids 
B) Breaking down proteins into amino acids 
C) Facilitating the motility of the colon 
D) Metabolizing aldosterone and insulin 
A) Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids 
B) Breaking down proteins into amino acids 
C) Facilitating the motility of the colon 
D) Metabolizing aldosterone and insulin

Question 19

Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin?

Accepted Answer

A) Motalin 
B) Histamine 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Acetylcholine 
A) Motalin 
B) Histamine 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Acetylcholine

Question 20

Gastric emptying is delayed by the presence of which substances? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Solids 
B) Carbohydrates 
C) Nonisotonic solutions 
D) Bacteria 
E) Fats 
A) Solids 
B) Carbohydrates 
C) Nonisotonic solutions 
D) Bacteria 
E) Fats

Exam 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

What requirements are necessary for calcium to be absorbed through the ileum at concentrations of less than 5 mmol/L? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement, made by a student, is correct regarding the state of the intestinal tract at birth?

What is the primary source of physiologic iron?

Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

What information does the student learn regarding the functions of the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)

Which water-soluble vitamin is absorbed by passive diffusion?

Where in the small intestines are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages produced?

Which water-soluble vitamins are dependent on sodium for absorption? (Select all that apply.)

Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine?

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network. What are these folds called?

What is the formation of water-soluble molecules to facilitate the absorption of the byproducts of lipid hydrolysis accomplished by?

A professor has taught a class of students about the characteristics of vitamin B₁₂. Which statement by a student demonstrates a need for more education?

Which statement best describes the gastrointestinal tract?

In the mouth and stomach, salivary a-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?

Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach?

Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)?

What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?

What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora?

Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin?

Gastric emptying is delayed by the presence of which substances? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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