Question 1

What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased blood pressure during periods of stress 
B) Bounding pulse felt on palpation 
C) Cyanosis observed on exertion 
D) Murmur heard on auscultation 
A) Increased blood pressure during periods of stress 
B) Bounding pulse felt on palpation 
C) Cyanosis observed on exertion 
D) Murmur heard on auscultation D

Question 2

During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

Accepted Answer

A) Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B) Atrioventricular (AV) node 
C) Purkinje fibers 
D) Bundle branches 
A) Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B) Atrioventricular (AV) node 
C) Purkinje fibers 
D) Bundle branches C

Question 3

A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Improvement in atrial dysrhythmias 
B) Increased blood pressure 
C) Signs of decreased cardiac output 
D) Elevations in serum troponin levels 
A) Improvement in atrial dysrhythmias 
B) Increased blood pressure 
C) Signs of decreased cardiac output 
D) Elevations in serum troponin levels C

Question 4

The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure 
B) Strength 
C) Viscosity 
D) Speed 
A) Pressure 
B) Strength 
C) Viscosity 
D) Speed

Question 5

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic 
B) Parasympathetic 
C) Somatic 
D) Spinal 
A) Sympathetic 
B) Parasympathetic 
C) Somatic 
D) Spinal

Question 6

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Accepted Answer

A) Atria 
B) Aorta 
C) Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
D) Ventricles 
A) Atria 
B) Aorta 
C) Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
D) Ventricles

Question 7

Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase in force of contraction 
B) Decrease in refractory time 
C) Increase in afterload 
D) Decrease in repolarization 
A) Increase in force of contraction 
B) Decrease in refractory time 
C) Increase in afterload 
D) Decrease in repolarization

Question 8

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a superior location in the right atrium. 
B) It is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C) It has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D) It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. 
A) It has a superior location in the right atrium. 
B) It is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C) It has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D) It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 9

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitral regurgitation 
B) Mitral stenosis 
C) Pulmonary edema 
D) Jugular vein distention 
A) Mitral regurgitation 
B) Mitral stenosis 
C) Pulmonary edema 
D) Jugular vein distention

Question 10

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases the rate of cardiac contractions 
B) Decreases the strength of cardiac contractions 
C) Stabilizes the rhythm of cardiac contractions 
D) Stabilizes the vasodilation during cardiac contractions 
A) Increases the rate of cardiac contractions 
B) Decreases the strength of cardiac contractions 
C) Stabilizes the rhythm of cardiac contractions 
D) Stabilizes the vasodilation during cardiac contractions

Question 11

Where are the coronary ostia located?

Accepted Answer

A) Left ventricle 
B) Aortic valve 
C) Coronary sinus 
D) Aorta 
A) Left ventricle 
B) Aortic valve 
C) Coronary sinus 
D) Aorta

Question 12

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B) Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. 
C) Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
D) Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. 
A) Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B) Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. 
C) Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
D) Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed.

Question 13

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

Accepted Answer

A) Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B) Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
C) Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D) Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles 
A) Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B) Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
C) Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D) Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles

Question 14

A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Shortened PR interval 
B) Prolonged QRS interval 
C) QT interval variability 
D) Absence of P waves 
A) Shortened PR interval 
B) Prolonged QRS interval 
C) QT interval variability 
D) Absence of P waves

Question 15

During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Accepted Answer

A) Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B) Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
C) Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed. 
D) Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. 
A) Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B) Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
C) Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed. 
D) Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves.

Question 16

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
B) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
C) Autonomic control of the heart only 
D) Somatic control of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
A) Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
B) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
C) Autonomic control of the heart only 
D) Somatic control of the heart, arterioles, and veins

Question 17

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Accepted Answer

A) Right atrium 
B) Left atrium 
C) Left ventricle 
D) Right ventricle 
A) Right atrium 
B) Left atrium 
C) Left ventricle 
D) Right ventricle

Question 18

A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperkalemia 
B) Hyponatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypomagnesemia 
A) Hyperkalemia 
B) Hyponatremia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Hypomagnesemia

Question 19

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Right subclavian artery 
B) Right atrium 
C) Right subclavian vein 
D) Superior vena cava 
A) Right subclavian artery 
B) Right atrium 
C) Right subclavian vein 
D) Superior vena cava

Question 20

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Volume of blood in the systemic circulation 
B) Muscle layer of the metarterioles 
C) Muscle layer of the arterioles 
D) Force of ventricular contraction 
A) Volume of blood in the systemic circulation 
B) Muscle layer of the metarterioles 
C) Muscle layer of the arterioles 
D) Force of ventricular contraction

Exam 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?

During the cardiac cycle, which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?

The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction.

The resting heart rate in a healthy person is primarily under the control of which nervous system?

The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?

Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason?

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for?

What is the major effect of a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil on cardiac contractions?

Where are the coronary ostia located?

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

A patient has a disorder affecting ventricular depolarization. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?

During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

A patient has a problem with Phase 0 of the cardiac cycle. What electrolyte imbalance would the healthcare professional associate most directly with this problem?

The right lymphatic duct drains into which structure?

What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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