Question 1

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) Peripheral nerves 
B) Parasympathetic fibers 
C) Sympathetic nervous system 
D) Tenth thoracic nerve roots 
A) Peripheral nerves 
B) Parasympathetic fibers 
C) Sympathetic nervous system 
D) Tenth thoracic nerve roots B

Question 2

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium retention 
B) Sodium excretion 
C) Water retention 
D) Water excretion 
A) Sodium retention 
B) Sodium excretion 
C) Water retention 
D) Water excretion B

Question 3

What is the area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules called?

Accepted Answer

A) Medulla 
B) Cortex 
C) Pyramids 
D) Columns 
A) Medulla 
B) Cortex 
C) Pyramids 
D) Columns B

Question 4

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Angiotensinogen 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Angiotensinogen

Question 5

What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A) Erythropoietin 
B) Thyroid hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
A) Erythropoietin 
B) Thyroid hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

Which forces create passive transport of water in the proximal tubule? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) Peritubular capillary oncotic pressure 
C) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D) Interstitial osmotic pressure 
E) Peritubular capillary osmotic pressure 
A) Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) Peritubular capillary oncotic pressure 
C) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D) Interstitial osmotic pressure 
E) Peritubular capillary osmotic pressure

Question 7

A healthcare professional is caring for an older adult. Understanding age-related renal changes, what urinalysis finding would the professional view as normal for an older patient?

Accepted Answer

A) pH 5.2 
B) Moderate protein 
C) Specific gravity 1.003 
D) Positive for white cell casts 
A) pH 5.2 
B) Moderate protein 
C) Specific gravity 1.003 
D) Positive for white cell casts

Question 8

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

Accepted Answer

A) 75 to 100 mL 
B) 100 to 150 mL 
C) 250 to 300 mL 
D) 350 to 400 mL 
A) 75 to 100 mL 
B) 100 to 150 mL 
C) 250 to 300 mL 
D) 350 to 400 mL

Question 9

Which structures are parts of the nephron? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Loop of Henle 
B) Renal corpuscle 
C) Proximal convoluted tubule 
D) Calyx 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Loop of Henle 
B) Renal corpuscle 
C) Proximal convoluted tubule 
D) Calyx 
E) Collecting duct

Question 10

What are blood vessels of the kidneys innervated by?

Accepted Answer

A) Vagus nerve 
B) Sympathetic nervous system 
C) Somatic nervous system 
D) Parasympathetic nervous system 
A) Vagus nerve 
B) Sympathetic nervous system 
C) Somatic nervous system 
D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 12

On average, what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% to 20% 
B) 15% to 20% 
C) 20% to 25% 
D) 30% to 35% 
A) 10% to 20% 
B) 15% to 20% 
C) 20% to 25% 
D) 30% to 35%

Question 13

When renin is released, it is capable of which action?

Accepted Answer

A) Inactivation of autoregulation 
B) Direct activation of angiotensin II 
C) Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D) Formation of angiotensin I 
A) Inactivation of autoregulation 
B) Direct activation of angiotensin II 
C) Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D) Formation of angiotensin I

Question 14

What is the end product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 
B) Ketones 
C) Bile 
D) Urea 
A) Glucose 
B) Ketones 
C) Bile 
D) Urea

Question 15

Which hormones are produced by the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Renin 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 
D) Calcitonin 
E) Aldosterone 
A) Renin 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 
D) Calcitonin 
E) Aldosterone

Question 16

The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?

Accepted Answer

A) Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
B) Diffusion rate in the renal cortex 
C) Diffusion rate in the renal medulla 
D) Glomerular active transport 
A) Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
B) Diffusion rate in the renal cortex 
C) Diffusion rate in the renal medulla 
D) Glomerular active transport

Question 17

The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerular filtration rate 
B) Hourly urine output 
C) Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine 
D) The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine 
A) Glomerular filtration rate 
B) Hourly urine output 
C) Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine 
D) The specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine

Question 18

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) Macula densa 
B) Visceral epithelium 
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG
A)  
D) Filtration slits 
A) Macula densa 
B) Visceral epithelium 
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG
A)  
D) Filtration slits

Question 19

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Uromodulin 
B) Nephrin 
C) Urodilatin 
D) Cystatin 
A) Uromodulin 
B) Nephrin 
C) Urodilatin 
D) Cystatin

Question 20

What term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) Tubular secretion 
B) Ultrafiltration 
C) Tubular reabsorption 
D) Tubular excretion 
A) Tubular secretion 
B) Ultrafiltration 
C) Tubular reabsorption 
D) Tubular excretion

Exam 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

What is the area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules called?

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys?

What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D?

Which forces create passive transport of water in the proximal tubule? (Select all that apply.)

A healthcare professional is caring for an older adult. Understanding age-related renal changes, what urinalysis finding would the professional view as normal for an older patient?

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

Which structures are parts of the nephron? (Select all that apply.)

What are blood vessels of the kidneys innervated by?

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

On average, what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

When renin is released, it is capable of which action?

What is the end product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine?

Which hormones are produced by the kidney? (Select all that apply.)

The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?

The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis?

What term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters