Exam 6: Learning

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off. Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially, now you do, due to classical conditioning. In this example, waking up is

When animals are trained for circus acts or other shows, in most cases their training relies mainly on

In an experiment on classical conditioning, a tone is followed by a puff of air to the eyes. After several repetitions, subjects blink their eyes when they hear the tone. What is the conditioned stimulus in this experiment?

In an experiment on classical conditioning, an experimenter pairs a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response. If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone, followed by no airpuff, the probable outcome is

Tolerance to morphine and similar drugs depends partly on classical conditioning. According to this analysis, tolerance depends on rapidly mobilizing the body's defenses against the drug. That mobilization is the

A bird that learns to avoid attacking a poisonous frog also avoids a similar looking, but harmless frog. This behavior is an example of

You scan the night sky looking for meteors. Sometimes there is a brief time period between meteors, but sometimes you have to wait for a long time after seeing a meteor until another one appears. This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Seven-year-old Hilary's parents have paid her 50 cents every time she cleans up her room. Sue's parents have sometimes paid her 50 cents for cleaning her room, but frequently have not paid her. Now both sets of parents stop paying. Which girl will probably continue cleaning her room the longest, and why?

In classical conditioning the conditioned response is always

Rats and other species seem to be predisposed to associate tastes with __________ and to associate lights and sounds with __________.

What did Pavlov think was necessary for classical conditioning to occur?

Under which of the following circumstances is an animal most likely to display a strong conditioned response to a stimulus?

In classical conditioning, learning is to unlearning as

While on vacation, you ordinarily sleep 8 hours a night. Recently you have averaged only 6 1/2. The opportunity to sleep more will be reinforcing to you, according to the

A psychologist who insists that psychologists should only study behavior and never make references to mental processes, would best be described as a

How can one extinguish a classically conditioned response?

Most school learning is an attempt to learn from the experiences and discoveries of others. This kind of learning is called

A rat learns to climb a ladder to a platform where it can pull a string to raise the ladder and then climb the ladder again. The reinforcement for each response is the opportunity to perform the next response. This procedure is known as

The British and American legal systems are similar to radical behaviorism in that both

Shaping (in the context of operant conditioning) means