Exam 6: Learning

In order to reduce risky behavior of children on a playground, a safety officer offered small rewards to the entire class if everyone played more safely. This procedure is an example of

Why did Thorndike conclude that his cats learned by strengthening certain response tendencies, rather than by gaining an understanding or insight?

An experimenter rings a bell, and then an animal sits up and salivates; then the experimenter delivers food. This could be an example of either classical or operant conditioning. To decide which it is, we need to know

Suppose your alarm made a slight clicking sound just before the alarm goes off. Even though you didn't wake up to the clicking sound initially, now you do, due to classical conditioning. In this example, the loud alarm is a/an

Of the following, a behaviorist is most likely to study

An early approach to behaviorism that attempted to explain behavior in terms of how each stimulus triggers a response was known as

As a rule, behaviorists assume that

What is the difference between extinction and forgetting?

Thondike described "reinforcer" as

A nursing mother puts her baby to the breast as soon as she hears it cry. After a few days, her milk begins to flow as soon as the baby cries. In terms of classical conditioning, what is the conditioned response?

In classical conditioning, which of the following involves learning?

The terms "positive" and "negative" in positive and negative reinforcement refer to whether

The ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others is known as

B. F. Skinner was known for his objection to

An individual receives a reinforcement for the first response after a 1-minute interval, but not again until the next 1-minute interval has passed. This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Conditioned taste aversion is

The cats in Thorndike's experiments improved their ability to escape his puzzle boxes gradually, not suddenly. What conclusion did he draw from this observation?

In what way do people sometimes make use of an operant-conditioning principle when they try to persuade someone to do something?

What is an unconditioned reflex?

An operant conditioner such as B. F. Skinner might provide you with a reinforcer after you make a sound, then after a louder sound, then after a more pleasant sound, and so forth until you are singing. This procedure would be an example of