Exam 5: Section 2: Learning

Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of learning:

Which of the following terms would Skinner most likely reject?

Psychologist Edward C. Tolman's studies with rats in mazes led him to conclude that:

There are two basic types of conditioning: _____ and _____ conditioning.

You take two aspirin to relieve a headache. Thirty minutes later, the headache is gone. You are now more likely to take aspirin to deal with bodily aches and pain in the future. In other words, _____ has occurred.

A conditioned stimulus from one learning trial is used in place of an unconditioned stimulus in a new conditioning trial, where it is paired with a second conditioned stimulus. The second conditioned stimulus then comes to elicit the conditioned response, even though it has never been directly paired with the unconditioned stimulus. This is a description of a procedure called:

The phenomenon called learned helplessness was identified by two young psychology graduate students named:

F. Skinner extended his ideas regarding operant conditioning to human behavior and social problems. He wrote about these views in his book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects Skinner's views as asserted in his book?

Ever since she foolishly drank too much beer at a rock concert and got sick all over her boyfriend, Sharon becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of beer. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____.

Classical conditioning involves _____, while operant conditioning involves _____.

A Skinner box, or operant chamber, is a(n):

Animal trainers Keller and Marian Breland tried to train a raccoon to pick up two coins and deposit them in a metal box. However, instead of dropping the coins in the box, the raccoon would rub the coins together, much as raccoons do with their food in the wild. This tendency of the raccoon to revert to its natural behavior patterns is termed:

Steven Spielberg's classic movie Jaws was a thriller about a great white shark that terrorized tourists at a local beach. Just before the shark's appearance, eerie music began playing. As the unseen shark came closer, the tempo of the music picked up. After the audience had experienced this a few times, the sound of the music triggered the emotional reaction of fear in the audience even though the shark still had not appeared. At that point, fear in response to the sound of the eerie music was a(n):

_____ began his research career by studying learned helplessness in dogs, and later, in humans. He applied his findings to psychological problems in humans, including major depressive disorder, and he investigated why some people succumb to learned helplessness while others persist in the face of obstacles.

The famous Bobo doll studies demonstrated that:

A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of getting an injection. If the young child begins reacting with fear to the sight of any white jacket, what has occurred?

Which of the following factors was NOT identified as a factor that contributes to the effectiveness of entertainment-education programs?

The famous Bobo doll study demonstrated that:

If Robert Rescorla were having a conversation with John B. Watson, what would Rescorla tell Watson?

A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of getting an injection. Using Pavlov's terminology, when the white uniform elicits a fear response, it would be termed a(n):