Exam 5: Section 2: Learning

Initially, an infant has no response to a nurse's white uniform. But after a couple of painful experiences of getting a vaccination shot from a nurse in a white uniform, the infant will react with fear in response to a nurse in a white uniform who simply walks into the examining room. In this example, the sight of a nurse in a white uniform has become a(n) _____ to the infant.

Road construction prevents you from getting to the shopping mall using the route that you always travel. You think about the situation for a moment and then come up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, you are using what Tolman referred to as:

Positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement as:

Skinner strongly believed that psychology should restrict itself to the study of:

Prior to conditioning, a dog does not salivate to the sound of a ringing bell. At this point, the ringing bell is a(n):

Dylan loves to play tennis. But because he is serious about doing well in college, he only goes to the tennis courts after he accomplishes his studying goals for the day. What strategy is Dylan using to improve his self-control?

According to Focus on Neuroscience, neurons that fire both when action is performed and when action is simply perceived are called:

One of Tolman's classic research studies involved three groups of rats running mazes for several days. The rats in Group 1 received a food reward at the end of the maze every time they ran the maze. The rats in Group 2 never received a food reward in the maze. In contrast, the rats in Group 3 did not receive a food reward at the end of the maze until the eleventh day of the study. What behavior did the rats in Group 2 and Group 3 display on day 12?

Experimenters have identified the specific motor neurons involved in simple behavior. In one experiment, they discovered that the neuronal activity in the brain of a monkey who simply watched another monkey pick up and eat a peanut was the same as the brain activity of the monkey actually performing these actions. This research is concerned with:

The basic strategy for overcoming learned helplessness is to:

Angela's friend Drew told her that he was thinking about dropping out of college because no matter how hard he studied, he couldn't seem to get his grades above a C average. Angela realized that Drew was experiencing feelings of learned helplessness. What should she advise Drew to do? He should: