Exam 5: Section 2: Learning

Christina is making some extra money as a phone solicitor for her university's fund-raising drive. She is paid $5 for every twenty calls she makes, regardless of whether the person donates. Christina is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Why do variable-ratio schedules produce steady rates of responding?

An organism enhances its odds of survival by being responsive to the consequences of its actions, as in:

Psychologist John Garcia found that rats did not learn to associate a taste with flashing lights and noise. However, rats do learn to associate a taste with getting ill. Which of the following concepts best accounts for this observation?

The nonprofit group, Population Communications International, uses the principles of _____ in its attempts to promote social change.

In response to cutting up an onion, airborne irritants released by the onion will cause your eyes to automatically water or produce tears. Using Pavlov's terminology, the tears would be termed a(n):

After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. At this point, the sound of the bell is a(n):

Fred's dog was classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell. Fred then repeatedly paired the bell with another stimulus, a whistle. Now whenever he blows the whistle, his dog salivates, even though the whistle has never been paired with food. This example illustrates:

Conditioned taste aversions demonstrate:

The expectation that the CS reliably predicts the UCS is a cognitive aspect of _____, whereas the expectation of consequences following the behavior is a cognitive aspect of _____ .

Whenever she sees a bolt of lightning streak across the sky, Maria quickly unplugs her computer equipment to keep it from being damaged by an electrical surge. Using operant conditioning terms, Maria's behavior is being maintained by:

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

''I'll make you a deal,'' Cody's mother says. ''If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut.'' Using operant conditioning terms, Cody's mother is using _____ to reward desired behavior.

''Okay, that was good! Now this time, don't close your eyes. Keep your eye on the ball, so you know when to close your hands,'' Mark said in the process of teaching his 5-year-old to play catch. In operant conditioning terms, Mark is using _____ to teach his daughter how to catch a ball.

At the beginning of the semester, the humanities instructor explains that there will be ten pop quizzes over the semester, so students are strongly encouraged to keep up with their reading and attend every class. The humanities instructor is most likely using a _____ schedule of reinforcement to encourage studying and class attendance.

Terry wants his young daughter, Lauren, to help him with the housework, so he tells her that she can play on his computer as soon as she finishes doing the dinner dishes and putting away the clean laundry. Terry is using a more preferred activity to reinforce a less preferred activity. According to the In Focus box: Changing the Behavior of Others: Alternatives to Punishment, this behavioral strategy is called:

If exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events produces passive behavior, the response of passivity is termed:

Professor Lake is a strong advocate of the behavioral perspective. He would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?

According to Focus on Neuroscience, brain-imaging studies have provided evidence of mirror neurons in:

According to the In Focus box: Changing the Behavior of Others: Alternatives to Punishment, which of the following is NOT an effective way to change the behavior of others?