Exam 5: Section 2: Learning

After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. The dog's salivation to the sound of the bell is called the:

How does the cognitive view of classical conditioning differ from the traditional behavioral perspective?

A movement called _____ advocates turning daily life into a kind of virtual reality, in which ''points'' or other conditioned reinforcers are awarded to reward healthy or productive behaviors.

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition can all be possible examples of:

According to B. F. Skinner:

_____ was one of the first psychologists to use positive reinforcement to teach basic self-help skills to people with developmental disabilities and also helped train marine mammals for the U.S. Navy.

Awards, frequent flyer points, and college degrees are examples of:

In operant conditioning, a discriminative stimulus is defined as a(n):

The application of learning principles to help people learn more effective or adaptive behaviors is called:

Katie loves strong coffee and cheerfully admits that she depends on caffeine to help her wake up every day. One morning her husband served her two cups of decaffeinated coffee without telling her. Nevertheless, she still felt more alert after drinking the decaffeinated coffee. Katie's alertness after drinking decaffeinated coffee is a(n):

After Fernanda buys stock in a ''hot'' new start-up company, the company fails and she loses all of her money. Fernanda no longer invests in start-up companies. This is an example of:

Whenever Kim and Russ become romantic, they always play Ravel's classic instrumental work Boléro in the background. One day, as Kim is walking past a music appreciation class, she realizes that the class is listening to Ravel's Boléro. As she continues to walk down the hall, she smiles to herself as intimate thoughts of Russ cross her mind. Which of the following best represents the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Punishment is most effective if:

The evolutionary perspective helps explain why the most common phobias are fears of:

Whenever Stephanie changes the engine air filter in her car, she unscrews the two bolts that hold the filter cover on, then places the two bolts by the car's front tire to avoid dropping (and losing) them in the car's engine. Using operant conditioning terminology, placing the bolts by the tire is:

Researchers found that people easily acquire a conditioned fear response to pictures of snakes and spiders when the slides were paired with a mild electric shock. However, people did NOT easily acquire a conditioned fear response of pictures of flowers and mushrooms when these images were paired with a mild electric shock. According to the text discussion, this is an example of:

In response to a cold temperature, your body will shiver reflexively. Using Pavlov's terminology, the cold temperature would be termed a(n):

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Thorndike's law of effect?

What is the ''law of effect''?

Pavlov found that a conditioned response would be stronger if: