Exam 5: Section 2: Learning

Rats are allowed to wander through a maze for several days with no food reward at the end of it. On the tenth day, a food reward is placed at the end of the maze. Which of the following results would provide evidence for latent learning?

An employee wears jeans to work and is reprimanded by his supervisor for dressing inappropriately. From then on, the employee wears a formal suit to work. This is an example of:

Classical conditioning involves _____ while operant conditioning involves _____.

To keep himself from getting mosquito bites when he mows the lawn, Kevin always sprays himself with an insect repellent before he starts mowing. Using operant conditioning terms, this is an example of:

Martina is an animal trainer at Sea World. To teach a new dolphin to jump through a hoop high above the water, Martina first reinforces the dolphin for approaching the hoop while it is under the water. Then, she reinforces the dolphin for swimming through the hoop under water. Gradually raising the hoop, Martina progressively reinforces each small step toward the goal behavior. Martina is using the process of _____ to train the dolphin.

In an operant conditioning experiment, a pigeon learned to peck at a blue disk to get a food pellet. The researcher then withheld reinforcement, and eventually the bird stopped pecking the disk. This example illustrates:

In the context of responses and a reinforce, partial reinforcement is to _____ as continuous reinforcement is to _____.

What general conclusions can be drawn about the nature of learning?

After carrying a step stool to the kitchen, five-year-old Laura is able to reach the Scotch tape dispenser on the kitchen counter. What is the operant in this example?

Behaviorism was an early school or approach to psychology that was founded by:

Rats can most easily be classically conditioned to learn an association between which two stimuli?

After getting cactus needles stuck in her hand, 2-year-old Rachel no longer touches cactus plants. Using operant conditioning terms, this is an example of:

Which of the following advertising techniques is based on classical conditioning principles?

Elected president of the American Psychological Association in 1996, _____ launched a new movement called positive psychology, which would emphasize research on human strengths, rather than human problems.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

According to Psych for Your Life: Using Learning Principles to Improve Self-Control, as the availability of a reinforcer draws closer, its subjective value:

The different schedules of reinforcement produce different patterns of responding. In the graph shown, what do patterns C and D share in common?

Which of the following represents a valid criticism of the methodology of Watson and Rayner's ''Little Albert'' study?

In one study, orangutans imitated the behavior of both humans and other orangutans, but they were more likely to imitate high-status or dominant models than low-status models. The orangutans were also more likely to imitate models with whom they had close relationships, such as biological parents, siblings, or their human caregivers. Human strangers were virtually never imitated. This study illustrates that _____ factors seem to play a role in observational learning in primates, just as with humans.

Whenever there is a knock on the front door, Rex the dog runs down the hallway and barks at the door. For Rex, a knock on the door is a _____ for running down the hallway and barking.