Question 1

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Accepted Answer

A)  collagenous fibers. 
B)  elastin fibers. 
C)  reticular fibers. 
D)  adipose tissue. 
E)  loose connective tissue. 
A)  collagenous fibers. 
B)  elastin fibers. 
C)  reticular fibers. 
D)  adipose tissue. 
E)  loose connective tissue.

Question 2

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  conduction. 
B)  convection. 
C)  radiation. 
D)  evaporation. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  conduction. 
B)  convection. 
C)  radiation. 
D)  evaporation. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 3

Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day. 
A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day.

Question 4

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine. 
A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 5

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

Accepted Answer

A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms. 
A)  organs. 
B)  membranes. 
C)  organ systems. 
D)  organelles. 
E)  organisms.

Question 6

-The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that

Accepted Answer

A)  the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B)  the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C)  the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D)  the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E)  the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet. 
A)  the warmer arterial blood can bypass the legs as needed, when the legs are too cold to function well. 
B)  the warmer venous blood transfers heat to the cooler arterial blood. 
C)  the warmer arterial blood transfers heat to the cooler venous blood. 
D)  the arterial blood is always cooler in the abdomen, compared to the temperature of the venous blood in the feet of the goose. 
E)  the goose's legs get progressively warmer as the blood moves away from the abdomen to the feet.

Question 7

Muscles are joined to bones by

Accepted Answer

A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  Haversian systems. 
E)  spindle fibers. 
A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  Haversian systems. 
E)  spindle fibers.

Question 8

Fibroblasts secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  fats. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate for bone. 
E)  proteins for connective fibers. 
A)  fats. 
B)  chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  interstitial fluids. 
D)  calcium phosphate for bone. 
E)  proteins for connective fibers.

Question 9

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses. 
A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 10

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is

Accepted Answer

A)  simple squamous epithelium. 
B)  simple cuboidal epithelium. 
C)  simple columnar epithelium. 
D)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E)  stratified squamous epithelium. 
A)  simple squamous epithelium. 
B)  simple cuboidal epithelium. 
C)  simple columnar epithelium. 
D)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E)  stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 11

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis. 
A)  acclimatization. 
B)  torpor. 
C)  evaporative cooling. 
D)  nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E)  shivering thermogenesis.

Question 12

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have

Accepted Answer

A)  increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B)  increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C)  increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D)  decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E)  increased the volume of the cells in these linings. 
A)  increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B)  increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C)  increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D)  decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E)  increased the volume of the cells in these linings.

Question 13

Multicellular organisms must keep their cells awash in an "internal pond" because

Accepted Answer

A)  their membranes will crystallize if not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
B)  an aqueous medium is needed for the cellular exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes. 
C)  this prevents the loss of water due to osmosis. 
D)  their cells need to be protected from dissolved nitrogen gas in the blood. 
E)  terrestrial organisms have not adapted to life in dry environments. 
A)  their membranes will crystallize if not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
B)  an aqueous medium is needed for the cellular exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes. 
C)  this prevents the loss of water due to osmosis. 
D)  their cells need to be protected from dissolved nitrogen gas in the blood. 
E)  terrestrial organisms have not adapted to life in dry environments.

Question 14

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is

Accepted Answer

A)  to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B)  to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C)  to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D)  to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning of the ears to cast the maximum shadows. 
E)  to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears. 
A)  to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. 
B)  to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. 
C)  to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal. 
D)  to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning of the ears to cast the maximum shadows. 
E)  to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears.

Question 15

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

Accepted Answer

A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf. 
A)  green frog. 
B)  penguin. 
C)  bluefin tuna. 
D)  house sparrow. 
E)  gray wolf.

Question 16

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial lizard. 
B)  sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C)  bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D)  hummingbird. 
E)  honeybee in a hive. 
A)  terrestrial lizard. 
B)  sea star, a marine invertebrate. 
C)  bluefin tuna, a predatory fish. 
D)  hummingbird. 
E)  honeybee in a hive.

Question 17

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will

Accepted Answer

A)  dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. 
B)  constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. 
C)  increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. 
D)  increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. 
E)  begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat. 
A)  dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. 
B)  constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. 
C)  increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. 
D)  increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. 
E)  begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat.

Question 18

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature results from shock. 
A)  an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering. 
B)  an increase in body temperature results from exercise. 
C)  the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D)  an increase in body temperature results from fever. 
E)  a decrease in body temperature results from shock.

Question 19

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. 
B)  actin and myosin of muscle. 
C)  the axon of a neuron. 
D)  nervous tissues. 
E)  spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells. 
A)  chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. 
B)  actin and myosin of muscle. 
C)  the axon of a neuron. 
D)  nervous tissues. 
E)  spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.

Question 20

-Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment. 
A)  the temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized. 
B)  the venous blood to be as cold near the abdomen as it is near the feet. 
C)  the blood in the feet to be as warm as the blood in the abdomen. 
D)  the temperature at the abdomen to be less than the temperature at the feet. 
E)  the loss of the maximum possible amount of heat to the environment.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Interstitial fluid is

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

-The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that

Muscles are joined to bones by

Fibroblasts secrete

Connective tissues typically have

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have

Multicellular organisms must keep their cells awash in an "internal pond" because

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

-Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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