Question 1

A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response. 
B) No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time. 
C) Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. 
D) The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response. 
A) A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response. 
B) No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time. 
C) Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials. 
D) The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells can produce proteins. 
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. 
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients. 
D) Cells can synthesize fats. 
A) Cells can produce proteins. 
B) Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. 
C) Cells can take in and use nutrients. 
D) Cells can synthesize fats.

Question 3

The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelets 
B) Epidermal cells 
C) Connective tissue cells 
D) Fibroblast cells 
A) Platelets 
B) Epidermal cells 
C) Connective tissue cells 
D) Fibroblast cells

Question 4

All cells are capable of what process?

Accepted Answer

A) Excretion 
B) Movement 
C) Conductivity 
D) Continuous division 
A) Excretion 
B) Movement 
C) Conductivity 
D) Continuous division

Question 5

A student asks why osmolality is preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the clinical assessment of individuals. What response by the professor is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution. 
B) Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes. 
C) More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes rather than by water. 
D) Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma. 
A) Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution. 
B) Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes. 
C) More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes rather than by water. 
D) Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma.

Question 6

Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?

Accepted Answer

A) Paracrine 
B) Autocrine 
C) Neurotransmitter 
D) Hormonal 
A) Paracrine 
B) Autocrine 
C) Neurotransmitter 
D) Hormonal

Question 7

A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?

Accepted Answer

A) Movement 
B) Conductivity 
C) Secretion 
D) Respiration 
A) Movement 
B) Conductivity 
C) Secretion 
D) Respiration

Question 8

A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Become hydrated 
B) Swell or burst 
C) Shrink 
D) Divide 
A) Become hydrated 
B) Swell or burst 
C) Shrink 
D) Divide

Question 9

Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Lipids 
B) Ribosomes 
C) Amphipathic lipids 
D) Receptors 
A) Lipids 
B) Ribosomes 
C) Amphipathic lipids 
D) Receptors

Question 10

What transports potassium and sodium across plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive electrolyte channels 
B) Coupled channels 
C) Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme 
D) Diffusion 
A) Passive electrolyte channels 
B) Coupled channels 
C) Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme 
D) Diffusion

Question 11

What is the best description of cell cycle arrest?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell cycle is stopped due to damaged DNA. 
B) Programmed cell death is suppressed. 
C) Macromolecule degradation is inhibited. 
D) Production of growth factors is halted. 
A) The cell cycle is stopped due to damaged DNA. 
B) Programmed cell death is suppressed. 
C) Macromolecule degradation is inhibited. 
D) Production of growth factors is halted.

Question 12

Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosomes 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Ribosomes 
D) Endosome 
A) Lysosomes 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Ribosomes 
D) Endosome

Question 13

What is passive transport dependent on? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Semipermeable barrier membrane 
B) The process of osmosis 
C) Diffusion as a driving force 
D) A living host 
E) Hydrostatic pressure 
A) Semipermeable barrier membrane 
B) The process of osmosis 
C) Diffusion as a driving force 
D) A living host 
E) Hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein channel (gap junction) 
B) Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors) 
C) Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters 
D) Chemical messengers such as ligands 
A) Protein channel (gap junction) 
B) Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors) 
C) Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters 
D) Chemical messengers such as ligands

Question 15

Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They lack distinct nucleus. 
B) They contain compartments called organelles. 
C) They lack an encasing nuclear membrane. 
D) They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell. 
A) They lack distinct nucleus. 
B) They contain compartments called organelles. 
C) They lack an encasing nuclear membrane. 
D) They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell.

Question 16

The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmosis 
C) Diffusion 
D) Active transport 
A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmosis 
C) Diffusion 
D) Active transport

Question 17

When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material, this process is known as which specialized cellular function?

Accepted Answer

A) Excretion 
B) Metabolic absorption 
C) Reproduction 
D) Secretion 
A) Excretion 
B) Metabolic absorption 
C) Reproduction 
D) Secretion

Question 18

The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Active diffusion 
C) Passive osmosis 
D) Mediated transport 
A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Active diffusion 
C) Passive osmosis 
D) Mediated transport

Question 19

Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidative phosphorylation 
B) Glycolysis 
C) Lactolysis 
D) Passive transport 
A) Oxidative phosphorylation 
B) Glycolysis 
C) Lactolysis 
D) Passive transport

Question 20

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) G₁ 
B) S 
C) G₂ 
D) M 
A) G₁ 
B) S 
C) G₂ 
D) M

Exam 1: Cellular Biology

A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What response by the professor is best?

Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?

All cells are capable of what process?

A student asks why osmolality is preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the clinical assessment of individuals. What response by the professor is most accurate?

Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?

A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?

A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?

Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?

What transports potassium and sodium across plasma membranes?

What is the best description of cell cycle arrest?

Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

What is passive transport dependent on? (Select all that apply.)

How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?

Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?

The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?

When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material, this process is known as which specialized cellular function?

The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?

Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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