Question 1

Which statement is true concerning IgM?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. 
B) IgM mediates many common allergic responses. 
C) IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. 
D) IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. 
A) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. 
B) IgM mediates many common allergic responses. 
C) IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. 
D) IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta.

Question 2

Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) The immune response is similar each time it is activated. 
B) The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. 
C) The response to a specific pathogen is short term. 
D) The response is innate, rather than acquired. 
A) The immune response is similar each time it is activated. 
B) The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it. 
C) The response to a specific pathogen is short term. 
D) The response is innate, rather than acquired.

Question 3

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th1 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Th1 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) Th1 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13. 
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity. 
A) Th1 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) Th1 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13. 
D) They assist in the development of humoral immunity.

Question 4

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

Accepted Answer

A) IL-1 
B) IL-2 
C) IL-4 
D) IL-12 
A) IL-1 
B) IL-2 
C) IL-4 
D) IL-12

Question 5

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Thymus gland 
B) Regional lymph nodes 
C) Bone marrow 
D) Spleen 
A) Thymus gland 
B) Regional lymph nodes 
C) Bone marrow 
D) Spleen

Question 6

A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest. 
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes. 
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity. 
A) Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to be varied, with the intravenous route being the fastest. 
B) Some individuals appear to be unable to respond to an antigen by a specific route, thus requiring the availability of different routes for the same antigen. 
C) Antigen-presenting cells are highly specialized and thus require stimulation by different routes. 
D) Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 7

What are the necessary components of an adaptive immune response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Antigen 
B) Gamma IgG 
C) Lymphocyte surface receptors 
D) Crystalline fragment 
E) Antibody 
A) Antigen 
B) Gamma IgG 
C) Lymphocyte surface receptors 
D) Crystalline fragment 
E) Antibody

Question 8

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th2 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Th2 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) Th2 cells produce IL-2, TNF-ß, and IFN-g. 
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity. 
A) Th2 cells are induced by antigens derived from allergens. 
B) They are induced by antigens derived from cancer cells. 
C) Th2 cells produce IL-2, TNF-ß, and IFN-g. 
D) They assist in the development of cell-mediated immunity.

Question 9

Which cell has a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Th1 
B) CD4 
C) CD8 
D) Th2 
A) Th1 
B) CD4 
C) CD8 
D) Th2

Question 10

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunotope 
B) Paratope 
C) Epitope 
D) Antigenitope 
A) Immunotope 
B) Paratope 
C) Epitope 
D) Antigenitope

Question 11

How does the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function?

Accepted Answer

A) Communicating information about the antigen to the helper T cell 
B) Secreting chemical signals to communicate between cells 
C) Releasing histamine and other vasoactive substances 
D) Communicating information about the antigen to the cell nucleus 
A) Communicating information about the antigen to the helper T cell 
B) Secreting chemical signals to communicate between cells 
C) Releasing histamine and other vasoactive substances 
D) Communicating information about the antigen to the cell nucleus

Question 12

Which cell has the ability to recognize antigens presented by the MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) T cytotoxic 
B) CD 4 
C) CD 8 
D) T helper 
A) T cytotoxic 
B) CD 4 
C) CD 8 
D) T helper

Question 13

When a person is exposed to most antigens, antibodies can be usually detected in their circulation within what timeframe?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 hours 
B) 24 hours 
C) 3 days 
D) 6 days 
A) 12 hours 
B) 24 hours 
C) 3 days 
D) 6 days

Question 14

Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) Size 
B) Foreignness 
C) Complexity 
D) Quantity 
A) Size 
B) Foreignness 
C) Complexity 
D) Quantity

Question 15

An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG 
B) IgM 
C) IgA 
D) IgE 
A) IgG 
B) IgM 
C) IgA 
D) IgE

Question 16

A student asks the healthcare professional how the aging process of the T-cell activity affects older adults. What response by the professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor heat regulation abilities 
B) Increased risk for bone fractures 
C) Tendency to develop various infections 
D) Likelihood of experiencing benign skin lesions 
A) Poor heat regulation abilities 
B) Increased risk for bone fractures 
C) Tendency to develop various infections 
D) Likelihood of experiencing benign skin lesions

Question 17

A student is confused about the process of the generation of clonal diversity. What description by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves antigens that select those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B) It allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature Peyer patches. 
C) It takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs. 
D) It causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations. 
A) It involves antigens that select those lymphocytes with compatible receptors. 
B) It allows the differentiation of cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells or mature Peyer patches. 
C) It takes place in the primary (central) lymphoid organs. 
D) It causes antigens to expand and diversify their populations.

Question 18

The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens 
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells 
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies 
D) Increased production of helper T cells 
A) Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens 
B) Decreased number of circulating T cells 
C) Decreased production of autoantibodies 
D) Increased production of helper T cells

Exam 8: Adaptive Immunity

Which statement is true concerning IgM?

Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th1 cells?

Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional helper T cell?

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?

A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best?

What are the necessary components of an adaptive immune response? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is believed to be true concerning Th2 cells?

Which cell has a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?

The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant?

How does the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex function?

Which cell has the ability to recognize antigens presented by the MHC class I molecules?

When a person is exposed to most antigens, antibodies can be usually detected in their circulation within what timeframe?

Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?

An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody?

A student asks the healthcare professional how the aging process of the T-cell activity affects older adults. What response by the professional is best?

A student is confused about the process of the generation of clonal diversity. What description by the professor is best?

The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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