Question 1

By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver 
B) Lymph nodes 
C) Thymus 
D) Spleen 
A) Liver 
B) Lymph nodes 
C) Thymus 
D) Spleen

Question 2

A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?

Accepted Answer

A) B lymphocytes proliferate. 
B) The nodes are inflamed. 
C) The nodes fill with purulent exudate. 
D) The nodes are not properly functioning. 
A) B lymphocytes proliferate. 
B) The nodes are inflamed. 
C) The nodes fill with purulent exudate. 
D) The nodes are not properly functioning.

Question 3

Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Permanent shape 
B) Compactness 
C) Reversible deformability 
D) Presence of hyperactive mitochondria 
E) Biconcavity 
A) Permanent shape 
B) Compactness 
C) Reversible deformability 
D) Presence of hyperactive mitochondria 
E) Biconcavity

Question 4

Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug. 
B) Stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII. 
C) Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation. 
D) Controls platelet activation through in concert with prostacyclin. 
A) Stimulates the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug. 
B) Stimulates the release of clotting factors V and VII. 
C) Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates platelet aggregation. 
D) Controls platelet activation through in concert with prostacyclin.

Question 5

Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

A) Monocytes 
B) Platelets 
C) Macrophages 
D) Erythrocytes 
A) Monocytes 
B) Platelets 
C) Macrophages 
D) Erythrocytes

Question 6

What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin. 
B) Promotes vasodilation. 
C) Stimulates platelet aggregation. 
D) Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase. 
A) Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin. 
B) Promotes vasodilation. 
C) Stimulates platelet aggregation. 
D) Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase.

Question 7

A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The lack of certain foods in your diet 
B) Your body cannot absorb vitamin B₁₂. 
C) You are not getting enough vitamin C. 
D) Your bone marrow has stopped working. 
A) The lack of certain foods in your diet 
B) Your body cannot absorb vitamin B₁₂. 
C) You are not getting enough vitamin C. 
D) Your bone marrow has stopped working.

Question 8

What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 to 30 
B) 60 to 90 
C) 100 to 120 
D) 200 to 240 
A) 20 to 30 
B) 60 to 90 
C) 100 to 120 
D) 200 to 240

Question 9

What is the consequence of a splenectomy?

Accepted Answer

A) The level of iron in circulation increases. 
B) Antibody production increases to improve immune function. 
C) The number of defective cells in circulation increases. 
D) The number of clotting factors increases. 
A) The level of iron in circulation increases. 
B) Antibody production increases to improve immune function. 
C) The number of defective cells in circulation increases. 
D) The number of clotting factors increases.

Question 10

A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 
D) Folate 
A) Iron 
B) Erythropoietin 
C) Cobalamin (vitamin B12) 
D) Folate

Question 11

The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III) 
B) Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
C) Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot 
D) Degrading the fibrin within blood clots 
A) Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III) 
B) Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
C) Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot 
D) Degrading the fibrin within blood clots

Question 12

Where are Kupffer cells located?

Accepted Answer

A) Kidneys 
B) Liver 
C) Pancreas 
D) Spleen 
A) Kidneys 
B) Liver 
C) Pancreas 
D) Spleen

Question 13

Which form of iron (Fe) can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) Fe⁺ 
B) Fe²⁺ 
C) Fe³⁺ 
D) Fe⁴⁺ 
A) Fe⁺ 
B) Fe²⁺ 
C) Fe³⁺ 
D) Fe⁴⁺

Question 14

What change to the hematologic system is related to age?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelet adhesiveness decreases. 
B) Lymphocyte function decreases. 
C) Cellular immunity increases. 
D) Erythrocyte reproduction accelerates. 
A) Platelet adhesiveness decreases. 
B) Lymphocyte function decreases. 
C) Cellular immunity increases. 
D) Erythrocyte reproduction accelerates.

Exam 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream?

A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?

Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)

Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis?

Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?

What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?

A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?

What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?

What is the consequence of a splenectomy?

A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia?

The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

Where are Kupffer cells located?

Which form of iron (Fe) can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin?

What change to the hematologic system is related to age?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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