Exam 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

A newborn has alveolar collapse, decreased lung expansion, increased work of breathing, and severe gas-exchange abnormalities and the student asks the healthcare professional for an explanation of what is happening. What response by the professional is best?

Which structures belong to the upper conduction airway? (Select all that apply.)

Which receptors are located in the smooth muscles of airways?

A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best?

Which receptors are located near the respiratory center?

Which of these cause the airway epithelium to constrict? (Select all that apply.)

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as which group?

Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Which structures secrete surfactant?

A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur?