Question 1

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. 
B) Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. 
C) Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. 
D) Failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen. 
A) Immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. 
B) Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. 
C) Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. 
D) Failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.

Question 2

What information does the student learn about hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterizes HUS. 
B) Thrombocytopenia is a comorbid condition. 
C) Wilms tumors are often the trigger for HUS. 
D) Most common community-acquired cause of acute renal failure in young children. 
E) HUS is chronic in nature. 
A) Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterizes HUS. 
B) Thrombocytopenia is a comorbid condition. 
C) Wilms tumors are often the trigger for HUS. 
D) Most common community-acquired cause of acute renal failure in young children. 
E) HUS is chronic in nature.

Question 3

Which symptoms are considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Proteinuria 
B) Pyuria 
C) Hyperlipidemia 
D) Edema 
E) Hypoalbuminemia 
A) Proteinuria 
B) Pyuria 
C) Hyperlipidemia 
D) Edema 
E) Hypoalbuminemia

Question 4

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. 
B) Development involves an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. 
C) Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder. 
D) The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly. 
A) It involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. 
B) Development involves an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. 
C) Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder. 
D) The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly.

Exam 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

What information does the student learn about hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)? (Select all that apply.)

Which symptoms are considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children? (Select all that apply.)

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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