Exam 9: Seciton 4: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

The biggest long-term gains from intensive, early intervention programs were seen in boys from high-poverty neighborhoods in a Chicago preschool program.

If a child's home environment is poor, early education programs won't be beneficial.

Interactive reading with preschoolers has been found to enhance their reading abilities in elementary school.

The introduction of formal preschool education has occurred within the last century.

By the age of 6, many children have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.

Montessori schools focus on using materials and projects in such a way that children have a strong sense of accomplishment.

Egocentrism is Piaget's term for a particular type of centration, in which the child thinks about the world from his or her own personal perspective.

Theory of mind develops more rapidly when a child has an older sibling.

The process by which people learn from others who lead their experiences and explorations is called guided participation.

Overimitation is demonstrated when 2- to 6-year-old children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient.

Vygotsky believed cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.

The preoperational child is incapable of understanding reversibility.

For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children's thinking skills.

Teacher-directed preschool programs are similar in nature to the Reggio Emilia approach.

A preschooler's approach to the world is controlled more by his or her own subjective views of the world than by reality.