Exam 9: Seciton 2: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Maturation of the brain's _____ is required for the development of a child's capacity to understand the perspective of others.

The view that children's cognitive development is embedded in a social context originated with the work of _____.

The belief that inanimate things (furniture, moon, clouds) are alive is called _____.

Currently, 40 states sponsor public education for young children, usually only for low-income 4-year-olds. Of the 40 states that sponsor early education, the average funding is less than _____ per year per student.

_____ is a particular type of centration in which a child may insist that Mommy is his mother, not his cousin's aunt.

_____ designed a special educational program with structured, individualized projects meant to give children a sense of accomplishment.

Early-childhood educational programs designed to meet children's developmental and growth needs are called _____ programs.

When a child learns a word and then uses it to describe other objects in the same category (such as calling a black-and-white cow a "Dalmatian cow" after learning about Dalmatian dogs), the child is using _____.

Amy designed her preschool classroom with several play areas that can accommodate groups of children so they can learn from one another. Her classroom shows the influence of _____, who thought that children learn from other children in addition to adults.

Preschoolers make mistakes in conservation problems because they focus strictly on _____.

Antonio is as fluent in his second language as in his native Italian. Antonio is a(n) _____.

_____ is the federally funded early-childhood education program that was started in 1965 to help foster better health and cognition in disadvantaged children before first grade.

Elsa is becoming more fluent in English than her native Spanish. She is exhibiting a(n) _____.

Neuroscience finds that young _____ children site two languages in the same areas of their brains yet manage to keep them separate.

Three-year-old Theresa does not want to eat the hot dog her mother made because it has ketchup on it. Her mother wipes off the ketchup, but Theresa still will not eat it. This characteristic of preoperational thought, in which the child feels that a thing cannot be undone or restored, is known as _____.

Child-centered programs are influenced by _____, who believed that children can learn much from other children with the guidance of adults.

A preschool program that teaches basic skills (precursors to reading, writing, and arithmetic) in order to prepare children to be "ready to learn" when they enter elementary school is called a _____ program.