Exam 15: Seciton 4: Adolescence: Cognitive Development

A dual-process model of thinking includes inductive and deductive thinking.

In an experiment by Inhelder and Piaget that involved balancing a scale with weights, the age at which children were first able to use the trial-and-error method to achieve some understanding of balancing was approximately 10 years.

Hypothetical thought involves reasoning only about propositions that reflect reality.

Adults are usually aware of the "sexting" that occurs between adolescents.

Middle schools are designed to foster strong teacher-student relationships.

Adolescents' belief that others are as intensely interested in them as they are in themselves is referred to as the invincibility fable.

Madeleine invested significant amounts of time, money, and effort while a member of a specific club. She now thinks she must continue as a member in order not to waste all that she invested. Madeleine is experiencing a sunk cost fallacy.

Andre, an adolescent, constantly thinks about himself and how others perceive him. This egocentrism is common at his age.

Secondary school teachers typically assume that their pupils have mastered formal thinking instead of teaching them how to do it.

Students who are capable of passing their classes as measured on IQ tests drop out of high school almost as often as those who are less capable.

"This creature barks and wags its tail. Dogs bark and wag tails. Therefore, this must be a dog." This is an example of deductive reasoning.

Analytic thought and intuitive thought both develop during adolescence, although analytic thought often overrides intuitive thought when many adolescents are together.

Adolescents from low-income households are less likely to use the Internet at home than those from higher-income households.

Today, about 75 percent of adolescents spend time online.