Exam 12: Seciton 3: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development

Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.

A federally sponsored test in the United States is the _____.

A child is shown a large box and a small box. The large box contains a 5-pound weight and the small box contains a 10-pound weight. The child picks up the boxes and looks at them closely, and then is asked which weighs more. The child is no longer focused only on appearances, so he answers that the small box weighs more. Piaget would say that this child is in the_____ stage of cognitive development.

Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and a 9-year-old is TRUE?

Ten-year-old Billy loves baseball and has studied baseball statistics since he was 5 years old. Billy is currently reading this year's statistics for some of his favorite players. He will easily remember the new statistics because of the _____ he has for baseball statistics.

Dr. Smith is doing a study to determine what 9-year-olds know. Based on theory, he believes that the 9-year-olds will advance in knowledge based on instructions. Dr. Smith's belief is based on _____.

The logical principle that allows objects to be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called _____.

_____ is one of the leading theorists of the information-processing perspective.

Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the information-processing system are referred to as _____.

Everywhere in the world, children are taught to _____.

Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in _____.

To determine if children benefit from instruction with respect to metacognition or if they are able to develop metacognition spontaneously, children were asked to design four scientific experiments (Klahr & Nigam, 2004). Children were first allowed to design the experiments on their own to determine if they spontaneously used metacognition. Then some children were provided with direct instruction about scientific testing. Finally, all of the children were asked to design four experiments. The results of the study suggested that ____.

A child in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development would be able to reason about all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The Common Core is a(n) _____ that was developed with backing from all 50 states in response to doubts about state-level assessments.

Mastery of pragmatics allows children to change styles of speech, or "codes," depending on the audience. What code are children likely to use with their peers?

John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers during class. Clearly John understands the _____.

Vygotsky might argue that all of the following could be an instructor to a 6-year-old child EXCEPT _____.

In the United States, less than _____ percent of children under age 11 study a language other than English in school.

Sensory memory improves until about age _____ and then remains adequate until late adulthood.

To retain information in working memory, individuals must _____.