Question 1

When animal behavior is used to discover principles that may apply to human behavior, we say that the researcher is utilizing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropomorphic systems approach. 
B)  animal model. 
C)  zoophilic design. 
D)  model that will yield inaccurate results. 
A)  anthropomorphic systems approach. 
B)  animal model. 
C)  zoophilic design. 
D)  model that will yield inaccurate results.

Question 2

The use of chance, such as flipping a coin, to place subjects into the experimental and control groups is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of chance, such as flipping...

Question 3

The correlation between shoe size and intelligence would be

Accepted Answer

A)  -1.00. 
B)  +1.00. 
C)  0.00. 
D)  impossible to calculate. 
A)  -1.00. 
B)  +1.00. 
C)  0.00. 
D)  impossible to calculate.

Question 4

A researcher observes and records the play activities of children at recess.The videotape of these play activities serves as the

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental effect. 
B)  observation record. 
C)  observational empiricism. 
D)  scientific record. 
A)  experimental effect. 
B)  observation record. 
C)  observational empiricism. 
D)  scientific record.

Question 5

Although functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives,which school of thought in psychology has disappeared entirely?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​structuralism 
B)  ​behaviorism 
C)  ​humanistic psychology 
D)  ​psychodynamic psychology 
A)  ​structuralism 
B)  ​behaviorism 
C)  ​humanistic psychology 
D)  ​psychodynamic psychology

Question 6

Critical thinking is used in psychology to evaluate theories by collecting

Accepted Answer

A)  introspective analyses. 
B)  empirical evidence. 
C)  intuitive data. 
D)  expert opinions. 
A)  introspective analyses. 
B)  empirical evidence. 
C)  intuitive data. 
D)  expert opinions.

Question 7

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Psychologists usually have earned a master's degree or a doctorate, typically requiring several years of postgraduate training. 
B)  ​Although clinical psychologists, in the past, tended to treat more severe emotional problems with counseling psychologists treating milder ones, such differences are now fading. 
C)  ​Clinicians who earn the doctor of psychology (Psy.D.)degree emphasize therapy skills rather than research. 
D)  ​Unlike psychiatrists, clinical and counseling psychologists are not required tohave a license issued by a state examining board. 
A)  ​Psychologists usually have earned a master's degree or a doctorate, typically requiring several years of postgraduate training. 
B)  ​Although clinical psychologists, in the past, tended to treat more severe emotional problems with counseling psychologists treating milder ones, such differences are now fading. 
C)  ​Clinicians who earn the doctor of psychology (Psy.D.)degree emphasize therapy skills rather than research. 
D)  ​Unlike psychiatrists, clinical and counseling psychologists are not required tohave a license issued by a state examining board.

Question 8

Any physical energy that an organism senses and can evoke a response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  archetype. 
B)  metacomponent. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  precipitant. 
A)  archetype. 
B)  metacomponent. 
C)  stimulus. 
D)  precipitant.

Question 9

Empirical studies have shown that astrology

Accepted Answer

A)  has no supporting scientific evidence. 
B)  has scientific validity if you correct for planetary drift. 
C)  is a useful guide for making personal decisions, such as career choices or mate selection. 
D)  is only valid in predicting general historical events. 
A)  has no supporting scientific evidence. 
B)  has scientific validity if you correct for planetary drift. 
C)  is a useful guide for making personal decisions, such as career choices or mate selection. 
D)  is only valid in predicting general historical events.

Question 10

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" was the motto of the behaviorists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In research reports, a statement that "the results of the experiment were statistically significant" means that the difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in how many experiments out of 100?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than five 
B)  less than 20 
C)  more than five 
D)  more than 20 
A)  less than five 
B)  less than 20 
C)  more than five 
D)  more than 20

Question 12

Four developmental psychologists have been conducting separate research into the patterns of language development of deaf children.They meet in Chicago to discuss, summarize, and, hopefully, interrelate their conclusions from their published works and propose future research on this topic.Within the framework of the scientific method, these psychologists would most likely be

Accepted Answer

A)  proposing a hypothesis. 
B)  hypothesis testing. 
C)  operationally defining terms. 
D)  theory building. 
A)  proposing a hypothesis. 
B)  hypothesis testing. 
C)  operationally defining terms. 
D)  theory building.

Question 13

Regarding biases in research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Much of the popularity of herbal health remedies is based on the placebo effect. 
B)  Single-blind experiments are used to control researcher bias. 
C)  Double-blind experiments control for both researcher bias and research participant bias. 
D)  Double-blind testing has shown that about 50 percent of the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs, such as Prozac, is due to the placebo effect. 
A)  Much of the popularity of herbal health remedies is based on the placebo effect. 
B)  Single-blind experiments are used to control researcher bias. 
C)  Double-blind experiments control for both researcher bias and research participant bias. 
D)  Double-blind testing has shown that about 50 percent of the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs, such as Prozac, is due to the placebo effect.

Question 14

Skinner's contribution to behaviorism lies in his insistence that

Accepted Answer

A)  one's actions are controlled by rewards and punishments. 
B)  behavior is only partially conscious. 
C)  the whole is more than the sum of its parts. 
D)  self-actualization is the primary determinant of behavior. 
A)  one's actions are controlled by rewards and punishments. 
B)  behavior is only partially conscious. 
C)  the whole is more than the sum of its parts. 
D)  self-actualization is the primary determinant of behavior.

Question 15

Regarding psychological professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​To be a licensed counselor typically requires a master's degree, although it does not have to be in psychology, plus one or two years of full-time supervised counseling experience. 
B)  ​Either a physician or a psychologist may become a psychoanalyst by learning the specific type of psychotherapy of Freud. 
C)  ​Most psychiatric social workers hold a master of social work (MSW)degree, and often assist psychologists and psychiatrists as part of a team. 
D)  ​Presently, no psychologist in any of the 50 U.S.states can legally prescribe medications. 
A)  ​To be a licensed counselor typically requires a master's degree, although it does not have to be in psychology, plus one or two years of full-time supervised counseling experience. 
B)  ​Either a physician or a psychologist may become a psychoanalyst by learning the specific type of psychotherapy of Freud. 
C)  ​Most psychiatric social workers hold a master of social work (MSW)degree, and often assist psychologists and psychiatrists as part of a team. 
D)  ​Presently, no psychologist in any of the 50 U.S.states can legally prescribe medications.

Question 16

An industrial-organizational psychologist has been asked to identify the ways in which high-stress and low-stress game designers are different.The psychologist comes up with the tentative explanation that the degree of control over one's work determines the designer's stress level.This tentative but objectively verifiable statementwould constitute which step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  theory building 
B)  operationally defining the problem 
C)  proposing a hypothesis 
D)  gathering evidence through observations 
A)  theory building 
B)  operationally defining the problem 
C)  proposing a hypothesis 
D)  gathering evidence through observations

Question 17

Dr.Jacobs is planning to survey U.S.voters regarding their views on the healthcare plan promoted by the president.To provide the most accurate results, the people he surveys must include the same proportion of men, women, young, old, professionals, blue-collar workers, Republicans, Democrats, whites, African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, and Asians.Thus, Dr.Jacobs will use random selection to obtain a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  equated population. 
D)  biased sample. 
A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  equated population. 
D)  biased sample.

Question 18

Which of the following notable events in psychology occurred FIRST?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abraham Maslow publishes "A Theory of Human Motivation." 
B)  William James publishes Principles of Psychology. 
C)  Max Wertheimer advances Gestalt viewpoint. 
D)  Ivan Pavlov reports his research on conditioned reflexes. 
A)  Abraham Maslow publishes "A Theory of Human Motivation." 
B)  William James publishes Principles of Psychology. 
C)  Max Wertheimer advances Gestalt viewpoint. 
D)  Ivan Pavlov reports his research on conditioned reflexes.

Question 19

Limitations of naturalistic observation include the

Accepted Answer

A)  small amount of information gained for the effort involved. 
B)  inconvenience and expense of conducting these observations in controlled laboratory settings. 
C)  problems of observer effects and observer bias. 
D)  problem of not being able to follow the APA code of research ethics using this research method. 
A)  small amount of information gained for the effort involved. 
B)  inconvenience and expense of conducting these observations in controlled laboratory settings. 
C)  problems of observer effects and observer bias. 
D)  problem of not being able to follow the APA code of research ethics using this research method.

Question 20

Psychologists who want to make measurements to discover relationships between events use a technique called

Accepted Answer

A)  the case study method. 
B)  the correlational method. 
C)  the survey method. 
D)  naturalistic observation. 
A)  the case study method. 
B)  the correlational method. 
C)  the survey method. 
D)  naturalistic observation.

When animal behavior is used to discover principles that may apply to human behavior, we say that the researcher is utilizing a(n)

The use of chance, such as flipping a coin, to place subjects into the experimental and control groups is called __________.

The correlation between shoe size and intelligence would be

A researcher observes and records the play activities of children at recess.The videotape of these play activities serves as the

Although functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives,which school of thought in psychology has disappeared entirely?

Critical thinking is used in psychology to evaluate theories by collecting

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Any physical energy that an organism senses and can evoke a response is called a(n)

Empirical studies have shown that astrology

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" was the motto of the behaviorists.

In research reports, a statement that "the results of the experiment were statistically significant" means that the difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in how many experiments out of 100?

Regarding biases in research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Skinner's contribution to behaviorism lies in his insistence that

Regarding psychological professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following notable events in psychology occurred FIRST?

Limitations of naturalistic observation include the

Psychologists who want to make measurements to discover relationships between events use a technique called

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

When animal behavior is used to discover principles that may apply to human behavior, we say that the researcher is utilizing a(n)

The use of chance, such as flipping a coin, to place subjects into the experimental and control groups is called __________.

The correlation between shoe size and intelligence would be

A researcher observes and records the play activities of children at recess.The videotape of these play activities serves as the

Although functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives,which school of thought in psychology has disappeared entirely?

Critical thinking is used in psychology to evaluate theories by collecting

Regarding the professions of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Any physical energy that an organism senses and can evoke a response is called a(n)

Empirical studies have shown that astrology

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" was the motto of the behaviorists.

In research reports, a statement that "the results of the experiment were statistically significant" means that the difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in how many experiments out of 100?

Regarding biases in research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Skinner's contribution to behaviorism lies in his insistence that

Regarding psychological professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

Which of the following notable events in psychology occurred FIRST?

Limitations of naturalistic observation include the

Psychologists who want to make measurements to discover relationships between events use a technique called

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Regarding psychological professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE?