Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

If you are interested in whether gift recipients prefer gifts that they requested or gifts that were chosen for them, you will learn little by making haphazard observations of gift-giving at family birthday parties.To be of value, your observations must be planned and

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given

Skinner's view of psychology has led to some criticism of his tendency to

Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and biochemists, form the broader field of

Edward Titchener called Wundt's ideas structuralism because he tried to analyze the structure of mental life into

Dr.Sartus is interested in how conditioning is involved in the development of superstitious behavior.Dr.Sartus' area of specialization in psychology is

In 1901, Karl Marbe, a student of Wundt, asked trained introspectionists to introspect while they compared two objects of different weights, holding one in each hand.They could clearly describe their experiences of each weight and which one was heavier, but they could not describe the mental process of judging which one was heavier.Marbe called this experience

To minimize changes in subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter's actions, one would use a(n)__________ experiment.

Those who label themselves as "applied researchers" do all of the following EXCEPT

A researcher wants to find out if taking a new antidepressant drug will decrease the symptoms of subjects suffering from social anxiety.The number of symptoms exhibited by the subjects would be the __________ variable.

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Wundt's ideas were carried to the United States by Edward Titchener with these ideas forming the school of thought known as

Psychology is distinguished from other fields, such as history, law, art, and business, because of its reliance on

When a teacher underestimates the abilities of the ethnic minority children in her classroom and the children exhibit a lower performance based on these expectations, a self-fulfilling prophecy has occurred.

Explain and provide an example of how the predominance of early Caucasian male psychologists inadvertently introduced a narrowness into psychological theory; provide two examples of other types of bias in research besides gender and the effects of these biases; and describe how these problems of bias can be solved.

If students who complete a study skills course raised their grade point averages, can we conclude that the course caused their improvement?

A police officer expecting criminal behavior shoots a person who is reaching for his wallet because he perceives the suspect as reaching for a gun.This is a dangerous example of the

Suppose you want to find out if using smart glasses while driving a car affects the likelihood of having an accident.One's familiarity with the car used in the experiment would be a(n)__________variable.

Which psychologist realized that he could study the overt behavior of animals by simply observing the relationship between stimuli and an animal's responses?