Question 1

To be statistically significant, a difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in less than five experiments out of 100.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The goals of psychology are to

Accepted Answer

A)  develop effective methods of psychotherapy and cure mental illness. 
B)  describe, understand, predict, and control behavior. 
C)  research, infer, summarize, and publish. 
D)  compare, analyze, and control human behavior. 
A)  develop effective methods of psychotherapy and cure mental illness. 
B)  describe, understand, predict, and control behavior. 
C)  research, infer, summarize, and publish. 
D)  compare, analyze, and control human behavior.

Question 3

You want to test people's cola preferences, so you conduct a taste test using two different brands of cola.However, you are worried about possible clues you may give people taking the test.So, you label the two colas and have your assistant, who does not know which cola is which, administer the test to the subjects.Thus, you have prevented yourself and your assistant from giving out any clues by using

Accepted Answer

A)  random selection. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a single-blind experiment. 
D)  a double-blind experiment. 
A)  random selection. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  a single-blind experiment. 
D)  a double-blind experiment.

Question 4

Regarding Freud's contributions to psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud is known for creating the first fully developed psychotherapy, or "talking cure." 
B)  Freud was among the first to appreciate that childhood affects adult personality. 
C)  When Freud's students broke away from his theories in order to modify and change them, they were called cognitive behaviorists. 
D)  Freud's ideas have been altered so much that few strictly psychoanalytic psychologists are left, although his legacy is still evident in various psychodynamic theories. 
A)  Freud is known for creating the first fully developed psychotherapy, or "talking cure." 
B)  Freud was among the first to appreciate that childhood affects adult personality. 
C)  When Freud's students broke away from his theories in order to modify and change them, they were called cognitive behaviorists. 
D)  Freud's ideas have been altered so much that few strictly psychoanalytic psychologists are left, although his legacy is still evident in various psychodynamic theories.

Question 5

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-response connections. 
B)  animal behavior. 
C)  the comparison of functional and behavioral psychology. 
D)  the comparison of different types of psychotherapy. 
A)  stimulus-response connections. 
B)  animal behavior. 
C)  the comparison of functional and behavioral psychology. 
D)  the comparison of different types of psychotherapy.

Question 6

Regarding the experimental method, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The control group and the experimental group are treated exactly alike except for the condition you intentionally vary. 
B)  The condition that the experimenter intentionally varies is called the dependent variable. 
C)  The animals or people whose behavior is investigated are referred to as experimental subjects. 
D)  Human subjects whose behavior is investigated are also called the participants. 
A)  The control group and the experimental group are treated exactly alike except for the condition you intentionally vary. 
B)  The condition that the experimenter intentionally varies is called the dependent variable. 
C)  The animals or people whose behavior is investigated are referred to as experimental subjects. 
D)  Human subjects whose behavior is investigated are also called the participants.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud's ideas have been altered so much that few strictly psychoanalytic psychologists are left. 
B)  Like Freud's theory, psychodynamic theories continue to emphasize internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious forces. 
C)  Neo-Freudians revised parts of Freud's theory, often placing less emphasis on sex and aggression and more on social motives and relationships. 
D)  Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were two well-known neo-Freudians. 
A)  Freud's ideas have been altered so much that few strictly psychoanalytic psychologists are left. 
B)  Like Freud's theory, psychodynamic theories continue to emphasize internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious forces. 
C)  Neo-Freudians revised parts of Freud's theory, often placing less emphasis on sex and aggression and more on social motives and relationships. 
D)  Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were two well-known neo-Freudians.

Question 8

In keeping an observational record, which of the following methods tends to be the most objective?

Accepted Answer

A)  video recording 
B)  rating scale used by a single observer 
C)  behavioral assessment by a single observer 
D)  at least three intersubjective observers 
A)  video recording 
B)  rating scale used by a single observer 
C)  behavioral assessment by a single observer 
D)  at least three intersubjective observers

Question 9

An empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion is known as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

scientific

Question 10

An inactive substance given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who wish to treat a complaint by suggestion is known as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An inactive substance given in the place...

Question 11

In a comparison of pseudosciences and valid scientific principles, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudosciences and superstitions are more of a nuisance and rarely do any harm. 
B)  Valid psychological principles are based on observation and empirical evidence, not opinions. 
C)  People seeking treatment for psychological disorders have become victims of self-appointed "experts" who offer ineffective, pseudoscientific therapies. 
D)  The pseudoscience of graphology has been mistakenly used to determine who is hired for jobs. 
A)  Pseudosciences and superstitions are more of a nuisance and rarely do any harm. 
B)  Valid psychological principles are based on observation and empirical evidence, not opinions. 
C)  People seeking treatment for psychological disorders have become victims of self-appointed "experts" who offer ineffective, pseudoscientific therapies. 
D)  The pseudoscience of graphology has been mistakenly used to determine who is hired for jobs.

Question 12

The psychological view that combines thinking (and the expectation of the reward)with learning theory is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  psychobehaviorism. 
B)  cognitive behaviorism. 
C)  cognitive functionalism. 
D)  Gestalt psychology. 
A)  psychobehaviorism. 
B)  cognitive behaviorism. 
C)  cognitive functionalism. 
D)  Gestalt psychology.

Question 13

In order to study the mind, the early psychologists examined their own thoughts, feelings, and sensations and then reported what they had observed.This technique is called

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analysis. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  introspection. 
D)  depersonalization. 
A)  meta-analysis. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  introspection. 
D)  depersonalization.

Question 14

Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces is a __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic 
B)  behavioral 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  Gestalt 
A)  humanistic 
B)  behavioral 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  Gestalt

Question 15

A researcher found a relationship between the crime rate in a large city and the phases of the moon and incorrectly concluded that the gravitational pull of the moon caused this crime behavior.This researcher's error is due to his failure to distinguish between __________ and causation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher found a relationship between the...

Question 16

Critical thinking involves

Accepted Answer

A)  using conventional wisdom and common sense. 
B)  a reliance on the opinions of experts. 
C)  a willingness to actively reflect on ideas. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  using conventional wisdom and common sense. 
B)  a reliance on the opinions of experts. 
C)  a willingness to actively reflect on ideas. 
D)  all of these.

Question 17

After a person takes a placebo, there is

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduction in brain activity linked with pain. 
B)  usually only a small, insignificant effect for most people. 
C)  initially an increase in pain, followed by mild relief. 
D)  an immediate relief of pain, but no change in brain activity linked with this pain. 
A)  a reduction in brain activity linked with pain. 
B)  usually only a small, insignificant effect for most people. 
C)  initially an increase in pain, followed by mild relief. 
D)  an immediate relief of pain, but no change in brain activity linked with this pain.

Question 18

Teaching primates to communicate in sign language in order to develop better methods for teaching language to aphasic children would be an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropomorphic error. 
B)  animal model. 
C)  inaccurate design. 
D)  correlational study. 
A)  anthropomorphic error. 
B)  animal model. 
C)  inaccurate design. 
D)  correlational study.

Question 19

Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to

Accepted Answer

A)  counteract the random assignment of subjects. 
B)  counteract the side effects of the drug. 
C)  control for the effects of suggestion and expectation. 
D)  keep control subjects from knowing they have been given the real drug. 
A)  counteract the random assignment of subjects. 
B)  counteract the side effects of the drug. 
C)  control for the effects of suggestion and expectation. 
D)  keep control subjects from knowing they have been given the real drug.

Question 20

The early psychological school of thought known as structuralism has disappeared entirely, while the viewpoints of functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

To be statistically significant, a difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in less than five experiments out of 100.

The goals of psychology are to

Regarding Freud's contributions to psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in

Regarding the experimental method, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is FALSE?

In keeping an observational record, which of the following methods tends to be the most objective?

An empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion is known as a(n)__________.

An inactive substance given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who wish to treat a complaint by suggestion is known as a(n)__________.

In a comparison of pseudosciences and valid scientific principles, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The psychological view that combines thinking (and the expectation of the reward)with learning theory is known as

In order to study the mind, the early psychologists examined their own thoughts, feelings, and sensations and then reported what they had observed.This technique is called

Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces is a __________ theory.

A researcher found a relationship between the crime rate in a large city and the phases of the moon and incorrectly concluded that the gravitational pull of the moon caused this crime behavior.This researcher's error is due to his failure to distinguish between __________ and causation.

Critical thinking involves

After a person takes a placebo, there is

Teaching primates to communicate in sign language in order to develop better methods for teaching language to aphasic children would be an example of a(n)

Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to

The early psychological school of thought known as structuralism has disappeared entirely, while the viewpoints of functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives.

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

To be statistically significant, a difference must be large enough so that it would occur by chance in less than five experiments out of 100.

The goals of psychology are to

Regarding Freud's contributions to psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Comparative psychologists are primarily interested in

Regarding the experimental method, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements concerning psychodynamic psychology is FALSE?

In keeping an observational record, which of the following methods tends to be the most objective?

An empirical investigation structured to answer questions about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion is known as a(n)__________.

An inactive substance given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who wish to treat a complaint by suggestion is known as a(n)__________.

In a comparison of pseudosciences and valid scientific principles, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The psychological view that combines thinking (and the expectation of the reward)with learning theory is known as

In order to study the mind, the early psychologists examined their own thoughts, feelings, and sensations and then reported what they had observed.This technique is called

Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces is a __________ theory.

A researcher found a relationship between the crime rate in a large city and the phases of the moon and incorrectly concluded that the gravitational pull of the moon caused this crime behavior.This researcher's error is due to his failure to distinguish between __________ and causation.

Critical thinking involves

After a person takes a placebo, there is

Teaching primates to communicate in sign language in order to develop better methods for teaching language to aphasic children would be an example of a(n)

Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to

The early psychological school of thought known as structuralism has disappeared entirely, while the viewpoints of functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives.

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters