Question 1

Regarding women and persons of color in the field of psychology, which of the followingstatements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In 1906, only one out of 25 psychologists in the United States was a woman. 
B)  ​In 2008, 20 percent of all Ph.D.degrees in psychology were awarded to minority students. 
C)  In 2010, 50 percent of full-time faculty and 65 percent of part-time faculty teaching in graduate schools of psychology were women. 
D)  ​In 2010,14 percent of full-time faculty and 12 percent of part-time faculty teaching in graduate schools of psychology were racial or ethnic minorities. 
A)  In 1906, only one out of 25 psychologists in the United States was a woman. 
B)  ​In 2008, 20 percent of all Ph.D.degrees in psychology were awarded to minority students. 
C)  In 2010, 50 percent of full-time faculty and 65 percent of part-time faculty teaching in graduate schools of psychology were women. 
D)  ​In 2010,14 percent of full-time faculty and 12 percent of part-time faculty teaching in graduate schools of psychology were racial or ethnic minorities.

Question 2

A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any)between two or more events or variables is called a __________ study.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  correlational 
C)  case 
D)  survey 
A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  correlational 
C)  case 
D)  survey

Question 3

On a daytime talk show, a television actress relates how she cured all three of her children's hyperactivity by using a special diet and exercise regime.She explains that interested parents can buy her book detailing this "cure" online starting today.As a critical thinker, evaluate this actress' claim of curing her children's hyperactivity.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that as a critical t

Question 4

The six steps of the scientific method include observation, defining a problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, publishing the results, and

Accepted Answer

A)  cost-benefit analysis. 
B)  anecdotal analysis. 
C)  theory building. 
D)  consensus review. 
A)  cost-benefit analysis. 
B)  anecdotal analysis. 
C)  theory building. 
D)  consensus review.

Question 5

A learned reaction to a particular stimulus is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  self-observation. 
C)  conscious experience. 
D)  unconscious motivation. 
A)  conditioned response. 
B)  self-observation. 
C)  conscious experience. 
D)  unconscious motivation.

Question 6

Three research assistants were assigned the task of counting the number of times a particular student exhibited inattentive behaviors during a 30-minute math class.The first research assistant counted five inattentive behaviors, the second recorded eight, and the third observed only two.Assuming the three research assistants are equally accurate in what they observed, the most likely explanation for this discrepancy in recordings would be that the inattentive behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  was not the correct hypothesis. 
B)  was not observed for a long enough period of time. 
C)  was not operationally defined. 
D)  would require at least five observers for an accurate count. 
A)  was not the correct hypothesis. 
B)  was not observed for a long enough period of time. 
C)  was not operationally defined. 
D)  would require at least five observers for an accurate count.

Question 7

Regarding the information provided by the nonexperimental methods, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The case study method allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events. 
B)  The correlational method allows us to predict behavior. 
C)  The findings from naturalistic observations allow us to describe behavior and form hypotheses for future research. 
D)  The survey method is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior. 
A)  The case study method allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events. 
B)  The correlational method allows us to predict behavior. 
C)  The findings from naturalistic observations allow us to describe behavior and form hypotheses for future research. 
D)  The survey method is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following is a statistical technique that can be used to combine the results of many studies on the same subject, as if they were all part of one large study?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​meta-analysis 
B)  ​a natural clinical test 
C)  ​the standard error of measurement 
D)  ​double-blind experimental analysis 
A)  ​meta-analysis 
B)  ​a natural clinical test 
C)  ​the standard error of measurement 
D)  ​double-blind experimental analysis

Question 9

Dr.Malloy explains to his patient that a person's threatening thoughts are often repressed so that he or she will be unaware of them.However, these repressed thoughts might "surface" in dreams, expressed emotions, or "slips of the tongue." Dr.Malloy has just explained the ideas of which school of thought in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  structuralism 
B)  psychoanalytic psychology 
C)  humanistic psychology 
D)  Gestalt psychology 
A)  structuralism 
B)  psychoanalytic psychology 
C)  humanistic psychology 
D)  Gestalt psychology

Question 10

A single-blind experiment would most likely be used to minimize the

Accepted Answer

A)  researcher bias. 
B)  correlation versus causation problems. 
C)  problem of obtaining a representative sample. 
D)  research participant bias. 
A)  researcher bias. 
B)  correlation versus causation problems. 
C)  problem of obtaining a representative sample. 
D)  research participant bias.

Question 11

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  social accommodation. 
B)  cultural relativity. 
C)  ethnocentrism. 
D)  cultural assimilation. 
A)  social accommodation. 
B)  cultural relativity. 
C)  ethnocentrism. 
D)  cultural assimilation.

Question 12

Research on "bystander apathy" reveals that people often fail to help when other possible helpers are nearby due to a "diffusion of responsibility." Explaining this perplexing problem meets which goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  prediction 
C)  understanding 
D)  control 
A)  description 
B)  prediction 
C)  understanding 
D)  control

Question 13

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although the APA has set up guidelines for experiments with humans, they have yet to provide guidelines for research with animals. 
B)  Researchers are not required by the APA guidelines to provide results or interpretations to participants at the end of the experiment. 
C)  Researchers do not have to describe all risks to potential participants, and once a subject begins an experiment, his or her continued participation is no longer voluntary. 
D)  Most university psychology departments have ethics committees that oversee the research done at the college to help ensure ethical guidelines are followed. 
A)  Although the APA has set up guidelines for experiments with humans, they have yet to provide guidelines for research with animals. 
B)  Researchers are not required by the APA guidelines to provide results or interpretations to participants at the end of the experiment. 
C)  Researchers do not have to describe all risks to potential participants, and once a subject begins an experiment, his or her continued participation is no longer voluntary. 
D)  Most university psychology departments have ethics committees that oversee the research done at the college to help ensure ethical guidelines are followed.

Question 14

Psychologists are limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from case studies because case studies

Accepted Answer

A)  lack cultural relativity. 
B)  are subject to the Barnum effect. 
C)  lack formal control groups. 
D)  tend to create negative correlations. 
A)  lack cultural relativity. 
B)  are subject to the Barnum effect. 
C)  lack formal control groups. 
D)  tend to create negative correlations.

Question 15

In 1933, Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American female psychologist to beawarded her Ph.D.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive psychology 
B)  psychodynamic psychology 
C)  sociocultural psychology 
D)  cognitive psychology 
A)  positive psychology 
B)  psychodynamic psychology 
C)  sociocultural psychology 
D)  cognitive psychology

Question 17

Which nonexperimental research method can demonstrate the existence of relationships, allows prediction, and can be used in a lab, clinic, or natural setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​clinical method 
B)  survey method 
C)  ​correlational method 
D)  ​naturalistic observation 
A)  ​clinical method 
B)  survey method 
C)  ​correlational method 
D)  ​naturalistic observation

Question 18

A rat frequently visits a particular location in a maze because it offers access to food.A radical behaviorist would say that the rat visits this location because it is rewarded by the pleasure of eating each time that it goes there.A cognitive behaviorist would add that, in addition, the rat

Accepted Answer

A)  ​expects to find food at this location. 
B)  ​has adapted to the maze environment. 
C)  ​has developed an unconscious motivation to find food. 
D)  ​is biologically predisposed to seek out food. 
A)  ​expects to find food at this location. 
B)  ​has adapted to the maze environment. 
C)  ​has developed an unconscious motivation to find food. 
D)  ​is biologically predisposed to seek out food.

Question 19

In which section of their research report would the researchers describe their research question regarding whether women talk more than men and then provide background information on this topic by reviewing prior studies on this subject?

Accepted Answer

A)  results 
B)  introduction 
C)  method 
D)  discussion 
A)  results 
B)  introduction 
C)  method 
D)  discussion

Question 20

The tendency of persons being surveyed to give polite or socially desirable answers is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  Barnum effect. 
B)  courtesy bias. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
A)  Barnum effect. 
B)  courtesy bias. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy.

Regarding women and persons of color in the field of psychology, which of the followingstatements is FALSE?

A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any)between two or more events or variables is called a __________ study.

The six steps of the scientific method include observation, defining a problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, publishing the results, and

A learned reaction to a particular stimulus is called a(n)

Regarding the information provided by the nonexperimental methods, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a statistical technique that can be used to combine the results of many studies on the same subject, as if they were all part of one large study?

A single-blind experiment would most likely be used to minimize the

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Research on "bystander apathy" reveals that people often fail to help when other possible helpers are nearby due to a "diffusion of responsibility." Explaining this perplexing problem meets which goal of psychology?

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Psychologists are limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from case studies because case studies

In 1933, Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American female psychologist to beawarded her Ph.D.

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Which nonexperimental research method can demonstrate the existence of relationships, allows prediction, and can be used in a lab, clinic, or natural setting?

A rat frequently visits a particular location in a maze because it offers access to food.A radical behaviorist would say that the rat visits this location because it is rewarded by the pleasure of eating each time that it goes there.A cognitive behaviorist would add that, in addition, the rat

In which section of their research report would the researchers describe their research question regarding whether women talk more than men and then provide background information on this topic by reviewing prior studies on this subject?

The tendency of persons being surveyed to give polite or socially desirable answers is known as the

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

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Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Regarding women and persons of color in the field of psychology, which of the followingstatements is FALSE?

A nonexperimental study designed to measure the degree of relationship (if any)between two or more events or variables is called a __________ study.

The six steps of the scientific method include observation, defining a problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, publishing the results, and

A learned reaction to a particular stimulus is called a(n)

Regarding the information provided by the nonexperimental methods, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is a statistical technique that can be used to combine the results of many studies on the same subject, as if they were all part of one large study?

A single-blind experiment would most likely be used to minimize the

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Research on "bystander apathy" reveals that people often fail to help when other possible helpers are nearby due to a "diffusion of responsibility." Explaining this perplexing problem meets which goal of psychology?

Regarding ethics in research, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Psychologists are limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from case studies because case studies

In 1933, Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American female psychologist to beawarded her Ph.D.

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Which nonexperimental research method can demonstrate the existence of relationships, allows prediction, and can be used in a lab, clinic, or natural setting?

A rat frequently visits a particular location in a maze because it offers access to food.A radical behaviorist would say that the rat visits this location because it is rewarded by the pleasure of eating each time that it goes there.A cognitive behaviorist would add that, in addition, the rat

In which section of their research report would the researchers describe their research question regarding whether women talk more than men and then provide background information on this topic by reviewing prior studies on this subject?

The tendency of persons being surveyed to give polite or socially desirable answers is known as the

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters