Question 1

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group.The entire larger group of people is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  population. 
D)  conglomerate. 
A)  natural clinical trial. 
B)  representative sample. 
C)  population. 
D)  conglomerate.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  defining a problem 
B)  gathering evidence 
C)  publishing results 
D)  consensus review 
A)  defining a problem 
B)  gathering evidence 
C)  publishing results 
D)  consensus review

Question 3

Regarding the early years of psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent gender bias in research, researchers could have combined the results of the men and women in their studies. 
B)  The predominance of early Caucasian male psychologists inadvertently introduced a narrowness into psychological theory and research. 
C)  During the early years in psychology, biases concerning the race, ethnicity, age, and sexual orientation of researchers and participants in psychological research limited our understanding. 
D)  During the early years in psychological research, far too many conclusions were created by and/or based on small groups of people who did not represent the rich diversity of humanity. 
A)  To prevent gender bias in research, researchers could have combined the results of the men and women in their studies. 
B)  The predominance of early Caucasian male psychologists inadvertently introduced a narrowness into psychological theory and research. 
C)  During the early years in psychology, biases concerning the race, ethnicity, age, and sexual orientation of researchers and participants in psychological research limited our understanding. 
D)  During the early years in psychological research, far too many conclusions were created by and/or based on small groups of people who did not represent the rich diversity of humanity.

Question 4

Dr.Arrinson is interested in whether males or females tend to be greater risk takers.A computer search reveals that more than 100 different studies have investigated various types of risk taking, including smoking, fast driving, and unprotected sex.What can Dr.Arrinson use to combine the results of these 100 different studies as if they were all part of one big study?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​double-blind study 
B)  ​field experiment 
C)  ​clinical method 
D)  ​meta-analysis 
A)  ​double-blind study 
B)  ​field experiment 
C)  ​clinical method 
D)  ​meta-analysis

Question 5

Dr.Berka is studying how biology, child rearing, education, and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative 
B)  developmental 
C)  gender 
D)  evolutionary 
A)  comparative 
B)  developmental 
C)  gender 
D)  evolutionary

Question 6

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults.A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down.Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  the dangers of a single example. 
B)  the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  the difference between correlation and causation. 
D)  that the Barnum effect occurs only in ten-year cycles. 
A)  the dangers of a single example. 
B)  the difference between observation and inference. 
C)  the difference between correlation and causation. 
D)  that the Barnum effect occurs only in ten-year cycles.

Question 7

A subpart of a larger population that does not accurately reflect characteristics of the whole population is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  skewed population. 
B)  ​biased sample. 
C)  subjective population. 
D)  ​representative sample. 
A)  skewed population. 
B)  ​biased sample. 
C)  subjective population. 
D)  ​representative sample.

Question 8

At one time, psychologists had to rely on the subjective reports of people who said that they never dream.When the EEG was invented, it was found that everyone dreams every night.Thus, until the invention of the EEG, sleep and dreaming were not objectively studied because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was unethical to watch people sleep. 
B)  it was not considered a suitable topic for psychological research. 
C)  there was not a suitable research method available to study the topic. 
D)  there was a lack of interest in understanding sleep and dreaming. 
A)  it was unethical to watch people sleep. 
B)  it was not considered a suitable topic for psychological research. 
C)  there was not a suitable research method available to study the topic. 
D)  there was a lack of interest in understanding sleep and dreaming.

Question 9

In order to document the differences in the play activities of elementary boys and girls, a researcher videotapes elementary students as they play during recess at school.This researcher is using the nonexperimental method of research called __________.

Accepted Answer

naturalist

Question 10

In a controlled experiment, the group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the independent variable is called the __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​experimental 
B)  ​extraneous 
C)  ​control 
D)  ​randomized 
A)  ​experimental 
B)  ​extraneous 
C)  ​control 
D)  ​randomized

Question 11

When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets or ignores discrepancies, he or she is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  the Barnum Effect. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  the introspective dilemma. 
D)  uncritical acceptance. 
A)  the Barnum Effect. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  the introspective dilemma. 
D)  uncritical acceptance.

Question 12

The more you study, the fewer errors you will make on the next exam is an example of a __________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  perfect 
B)  positive 
C)  negative 
D)  zero 
A)  perfect 
B)  positive 
C)  negative 
D)  zero

Question 13

An inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, that is given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who want to treat a complaint by suggestion,is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  placebo. 
B)  extraneous variable. 
C)  pseudoscience factor. 
D)  control drug. 
A)  placebo. 
B)  extraneous variable. 
C)  pseudoscience factor. 
D)  control drug.

Question 14

Because it is not always possible to conduct experiments, psychologists gather evidence and test hypotheses by using all of the following nonexperimental methods EXCEPT for the __________ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  case study 
B)  correlational 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  pseudoscientific 
A)  case study 
B)  correlational 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  pseudoscientific

Question 15

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  humanistic 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  evolutionary 
A)  behaviorist 
B)  humanistic 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  evolutionary

Question 17

Humanistic theories emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious forces. 
B)  free will and self-determination. 
C)  that stimulus and response connections determine behavior. 
D)  the use of rewards and punishments to shape behavior. 
A)  internal motives, conflicts, and unconscious forces. 
B)  free will and self-determination. 
C)  that stimulus and response connections determine behavior. 
D)  the use of rewards and punishments to shape behavior.

Question 18

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that

Accepted Answer

A)  clear cause-and-effect relationships can be identified. 
B)  it allows information about large numbers of people to be gathered. 
C)  it allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events. 
D)  all types of behavior are easily studied in the laboratory. 
A)  clear cause-and-effect relationships can be identified. 
B)  it allows information about large numbers of people to be gathered. 
C)  it allows the investigation of rare or unusual problems or events. 
D)  all types of behavior are easily studied in the laboratory.

Question 19

Through subtle hints, such as the tone of his voice, body language, and by giving encouragement and criticism, Dr.Enor unintentionally influenced his subjects so that they reacted in ways that were consistent with his experimental hypothesis.This example demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  researcher bias. 
B)  placebo effect. 
C)  anthropomorphic bias. 
D)  extraneous effect. 
A)  researcher bias. 
B)  placebo effect. 
C)  anthropomorphic bias. 
D)  extraneous effect.

Question 20

A double-blind experiment would be used for all of the following EXCEPT to

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize researcher bias. 
B)  minimize changes in subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter's actions. 
C)  control for research participant bias. 
D)  eliminate the need for randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups. 
A)  minimize researcher bias. 
B)  minimize changes in subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter's actions. 
C)  control for research participant bias. 
D)  eliminate the need for randomly assigning participants to experimental and control groups.

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group.The entire larger group of people is known as the

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Regarding the early years of psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Dr.Berka is studying how biology, child rearing, education, and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults.A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down.Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

A subpart of a larger population that does not accurately reflect characteristics of the whole population is known as a

At one time, psychologists had to rely on the subjective reports of people who said that they never dream.When the EEG was invented, it was found that everyone dreams every night.Thus, until the invention of the EEG, sleep and dreaming were not objectively studied because

In order to document the differences in the play activities of elementary boys and girls, a researcher videotapes elementary students as they play during recess at school.This researcher is using the nonexperimental method of research called __________.

In a controlled experiment, the group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the independent variable is called the __________ group.

When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets or ignores discrepancies, he or she is experiencing

The more you study, the fewer errors you will make on the next exam is an example of a __________ correlation.

An inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, that is given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who want to treat a complaint by suggestion,is called a(n)

Because it is not always possible to conduct experiments, psychologists gather evidence and test hypotheses by using all of the following nonexperimental methods EXCEPT for the __________ method.

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

Humanistic theories emphasize

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that

Through subtle hints, such as the tone of his voice, body language, and by giving encouragement and criticism, Dr.Enor unintentionally influenced his subjects so that they reacted in ways that were consistent with his experimental hypothesis.This example demonstrates the

A double-blind experiment would be used for all of the following EXCEPT to

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group.The entire larger group of people is known as the

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Regarding the early years of psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Dr.Berka is studying how biology, child rearing, education, and societal stereotypes influence the differing behaviors exhibited by females and males in the workplace.Dr.Berka is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults.A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down.Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand

A subpart of a larger population that does not accurately reflect characteristics of the whole population is known as a

At one time, psychologists had to rely on the subjective reports of people who said that they never dream.When the EEG was invented, it was found that everyone dreams every night.Thus, until the invention of the EEG, sleep and dreaming were not objectively studied because

In order to document the differences in the play activities of elementary boys and girls, a researcher videotapes elementary students as they play during recess at school.This researcher is using the nonexperimental method of research called __________.

In a controlled experiment, the group of subjects exposed to all experimental conditions or variables except the independent variable is called the __________ group.

When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets or ignores discrepancies, he or she is experiencing

The more you study, the fewer errors you will make on the next exam is an example of a __________ correlation.

An inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, that is given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who want to treat a complaint by suggestion,is called a(n)

Because it is not always possible to conduct experiments, psychologists gather evidence and test hypotheses by using all of the following nonexperimental methods EXCEPT for the __________ method.

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

Humanistic theories emphasize

One of the advantages of the experimental method is that

Through subtle hints, such as the tone of his voice, body language, and by giving encouragement and criticism, Dr.Enor unintentionally influenced his subjects so that they reacted in ways that were consistent with his experimental hypothesis.This example demonstrates the

A double-blind experiment would be used for all of the following EXCEPT to

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Conditioning and Learning.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters