Exam 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

The formal method used by early psychologists to collect information by training people to use their first-person, subjective ability to directly examine their own thoughts, feelings, or sensations​ is called

Psychologists often obtain much information by observing the behavior of human and animals in their usual settings.They then use this information to form hypotheses and questions for future research.These psychologists are most likely using which research method?

When a person takes a placebo for pain, the effect is imaginary, since there is no actual reduction in brain activity linked with pain.

Random assignment of subjects to groups in an experiment is used to reduce the effects of

As a child grows in height from infancy to preschool, his or her vocabulary also increases.This is a positive correlation.Explain why this correlation does not show causation but does allow one to predict either event.

Santarrio is conducting research to determine the colors, shapes, and sounds that newborns prefer.Santarrio's research would be considered __________ research.

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic ethical guidelines for psychological researchers?

Changes in behavior due to participants' expectations that a drug or other treatment will have some effect is known as the

An industrial-organizational psychologist is studying video game designers.This psychologist carefully questions game designers about how much stress they experience.These interviews would constitute the first step in the scientific method referred to as

In Lawrence Kohlberg's research regarding how we develop moral values, his participants were primarily male.Later studies on the moral development of women were conducted by Carol Gilligan.Which of the following statements regarding these two studies is TRUE?

The researcher stated that in his experiment, "Frustration is described as any interruption of the subject before he or she finishes the timed puzzle." This description is considered to be a(n)

In Kohlberg's study of moral development, few women were involved in doing the studies, and Kohlberg assumed that theories based on men also applied to women.Thus,Kohlberg's study was an example of gender __________ in research.

A psychologist discovers that the blood of patients with schizophrenia contains a certain chemical not found in the general population.This means that

A person who praises his or her dog for its loyalty and devotion to its master is committing a(n)

When newspaper or magazine articles claim the effectiveness of some product or service, it is wise to

An engineering psychologist helps redesign a car to make it safer and more fuel efficient.The psychologist's work reflects which of psychology's goals?

When a person remembers or notices only information that backs up his or her expectations and forgets or ignores discrepancies, this person is exhibiting the actor-observer effect.

Changes in subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of an experimenter's actions are referred to as