Question 1

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell

Accepted Answer

A)  as a gas. 
B)  as a liquid. 
C)  covalently bound to sugars. 
D)  coupled to ion transport. 
E)  via endocytosis. 
A)  as a gas. 
B)  as a liquid. 
C)  covalently bound to sugars. 
D)  coupled to ion transport. 
E)  via endocytosis.

Question 2

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells. 
B)  The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thicker than those of schlerenchyma cells. 
C)  The cell walls of both types of cells are roughly equal. 
D)  The thickness of the cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to be made. 
A)  The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells. 
B)  The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thicker than those of schlerenchyma cells. 
C)  The cell walls of both types of cells are roughly equal. 
D)  The thickness of the cell walls for both types of cells is too variable for a comparison to be made.

Question 3

CO₂ enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the

Accepted Answer

A)  cuticle. 
B)  epidermal trichomes. 
C)  stoma. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  walls of guard cells. 
A)  cuticle. 
B)  epidermal trichomes. 
C)  stoma. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  walls of guard cells.

Question 4

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Accepted Answer

A)  development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C)  preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E)  formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem. 
A)  development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C)  preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E)  formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem.

Question 5

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only primary growth is localized at meristems. 
B)  Some plants lack secondary growth. 
C)  Only stems have secondary growth. 
D)  Only secondary growth produces reproductive structures. 
E)  Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots have only secondary growth. 
A)  Only primary growth is localized at meristems. 
B)  Some plants lack secondary growth. 
C)  Only stems have secondary growth. 
D)  Only secondary growth produces reproductive structures. 
E)  Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots have only secondary growth.

Question 6

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

Accepted Answer

A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem. 
A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

Question 7

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0 
E)  28.5 
A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0 
E)  28.5

Question 8

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that

Accepted Answer

A)  plant development is not under genetic control. 
B)  the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes. 
C)  cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression. 
D)  a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation. 
E)  sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants. 
A)  plant development is not under genetic control. 
B)  the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes. 
C)  cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression. 
D)  a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation. 
E)  sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants.

Question 9

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
-Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, V, III, IV 
B)  III, V, I, II, IV 
C)  II, IV, I, V, III 
D)  IV, II, III, I, V 
E)  I, V, III, II, IV 
A)  I, II, V, III, IV 
B)  III, V, I, II, IV 
C)  II, IV, I, V, III 
D)  IV, II, III, I, V 
E)  I, V, III, II, IV

Question 10

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

Accepted Answer

A)  A genes only 
B)  B genes only 
C)  C genes only 
D)  A and B genes only 
E)  A and C genes only 
A)  A genes only 
B)  B genes only 
C)  C genes only 
D)  A and B genes only 
E)  A and C genes only

Question 11

The following questions iare based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-A monocot stem is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III. 
A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III.

Question 12

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  perennial. 
B)  weedy. 
C)  indeterminate. 
D)  derivative. 
E)  primary. 
A)  perennial. 
B)  weedy. 
C)  indeterminate. 
D)  derivative. 
E)  primary.

Question 13

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual 
A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual

Question 14

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma 
B)  xylem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  collenchyma 
E)  sclerenchyma 
A)  parenchyma 
B)  xylem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  collenchyma 
E)  sclerenchyma

Question 15

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary xylem 
B)  secondary xylem 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  mesophyll cells 
E)  vascular cambium 
A)  primary xylem 
B)  secondary xylem 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  mesophyll cells 
E)  vascular cambium

Question 16

The polarity of a plant is established when

Accepted Answer

A)  the zygote divides. 
B)  cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo. 
C)  the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo. 
D)  the primary root breaks through the seed coat. 
E)  the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates. 
A)  the zygote divides. 
B)  cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo. 
C)  the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo. 
D)  the primary root breaks through the seed coat. 
E)  the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.

Question 17

The total number of genes in a species' genome is not necessarily a good indicator of biological complexity because

Accepted Answer

A)  most genes are never turned on. 
B)  many genes are repeats. 
C)  this does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. 
D)  this does not take into account mRNA-mRNA interactions. 
E)  this does not take into account protein-mRNA interactions. 
A)  most genes are never turned on. 
B)  many genes are repeats. 
C)  this does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. 
D)  this does not take into account mRNA-mRNA interactions. 
E)  this does not take into account protein-mRNA interactions.

Question 18

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal and ground tissue. 
B)  lateral tissues. 
C)  pith. 
D)  secondary tissues. 
E)  shoots and roots. 
A)  dermal and ground tissue. 
B)  lateral tissues. 
C)  pith. 
D)  secondary tissues. 
E)  shoots and roots.

Question 19

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheids 
B)  mature mesophyll cells 
C)  companion cells 
D)  meristematic cells 
E)  glandular cells 
A)  tracheids 
B)  mature mesophyll cells 
C)  companion cells 
D)  meristematic cells 
E)  glandular cells

Question 20

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except

Accepted Answer

A)  mesodermal. 
B)  epidermal. 
C)  meristematic. 
D)  vascular. 
E)  ground tissue. 
A)  mesodermal. 
B)  epidermal. 
C)  meristematic. 
D)  vascular. 
E)  ground tissue.

Exam 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell

Choose the option that best describes the relationship between the cell wall thickness of parenchyma cells versus sclerenchyma cells.

CO₂ enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root. I. root cap II. zone of elongation III. zone of cell division IV. zone of cell maturation V. apical meristem -Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

The following questions iare based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -A monocot stem is represented by

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plants is best described as

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

The polarity of a plant is established when

The total number of genes in a species' genome is not necessarily a good indicator of biological complexity because

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as

Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription?

Land plants are composed of all of the following tissue types except

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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