Question 1

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium 
A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Question 2

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  stele. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  periderm. 
E)  pith. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  stele. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  periderm. 
E)  pith.

Question 3

Which of the following are most responsible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements 
A)  parenchyma cells 
B)  collenchyma cells 
C)  trichomes 
D)  tracheids and vessel elements 
E)  sieve-tube elements

Question 4

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?

Accepted Answer

A)  root hair 
B)  cuticle 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith 
E)  phloem 
A)  root hair 
B)  cuticle 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith 
E)  phloem

Question 5

Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

Accepted Answer

A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel 
E)  carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel 
A)  carpel-petal-petal-carpel 
B)  petal-petal-stamen-stamen 
C)  sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal 
D)  sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel 
E)  carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel

Question 6

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section through the woody part of a root?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs 
E)  vessel elements 
A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs 
E)  vessel elements

Question 7

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll-photosynthesis. 
B)  guard cell-regulation of transpiration. 
C)  sieve-tube member-translocation. 
D)  vessel element-water transport. 
E)  companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem. 
A)  mesophyll-photosynthesis. 
B)  guard cell-regulation of transpiration. 
C)  sieve-tube member-translocation. 
D)  vessel element-water transport. 
E)  companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

Question 8

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  cortex 
D)  epidermis 
E)  pericycle 
A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  cortex 
D)  epidermis 
E)  pericycle

Question 9

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  taproots 
B)  root hairs 
C)  the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D)  storage roots 
E)  sections of the root that have secondary xylem 
A)  taproots 
B)  root hairs 
C)  the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D)  storage roots 
E)  sections of the root that have secondary xylem

Question 10

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Accepted Answer

A)  core. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  pith. 
E)  vascular cambium. 
A)  core. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  endodermis. 
D)  pith. 
E)  vascular cambium.

Question 11

Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cell in a developing leaf 
B)  parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root 
C)  parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud 
D)  functional tracheid cell in a stem 
A)  mesophyll cell in a developing leaf 
B)  parenchyma cell 2 mm from the tip of a root 
C)  parenchyma cell in a dormant axillary bud 
D)  functional tracheid cell in a stem

Question 12

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  tubers 
E)  secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  tubers 
E)  secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

Question 13

The following questions iare based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2.
   
Figure 35.2
-A woody eudicot is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III. 
A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III.

Question 14

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  morphogenesis. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  reproduction. 
A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  morphogenesis. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  reproduction.

Question 15

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  epidermis 
B)  palisade mesophyll 
C)  spongy mesophyll 
D)  vascular tissue 
E)  bundle sheath 
A)  epidermis 
B)  palisade mesophyll 
C)  spongy mesophyll 
D)  vascular tissue 
E)  bundle sheath

Question 16

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. 
D)  the elongation of root hairs. 
E)  continuous cell division of root cap cells. 
A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. 
D)  the elongation of root hairs. 
E)  continuous cell division of root cap cells.

Question 17

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth. 
C)  the formation of lateral roots. 
D)  a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E)  the activation of floral meristem identity genes. 
A)  a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B)  the initiation of secondary growth. 
C)  the formation of lateral roots. 
D)  a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E)  the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Question 18

A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide, perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma cell in a leaf. 
B)  vessel element in the vascular system. 
C)  endodermal cell in a root. 
D)  bark cell. 
E)  fiber cell. 
A)  parenchyma cell in a leaf. 
B)  vessel element in the vascular system. 
C)  endodermal cell in a root. 
D)  bark cell. 
E)  fiber cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas. 
B)  There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas. 
C)  There's a reduced chance of herbivory. 
D)  There is less surface area for water loss. 
E)  There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less chance of damage in high-wind areas. 
A)  There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas. 
B)  There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas. 
C)  There's a reduced chance of herbivory. 
D)  There is less surface area for water loss. 
E)  There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less chance of damage in high-wind areas.

Question 20

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  pruning shoot tips 
B)  deep watering of the roots 
C)  fertilizing 
D)  treating the plants with auxins 
E)  feeding the plants nutrients 
A)  pruning shoot tips 
B)  deep watering of the roots 
C)  fertilizing 
D)  treating the plants with auxins 
E)  feeding the plants nutrients

Exam 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the

Which of the following are most responsible for supporting mature, nongrowing parts of the plant?

Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?

Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross-section through the woody part of a root?

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Which of the following cell types is least likely to be capable of cell division?

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

The following questions iare based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure 35.2. Figure 35.2 -A woody eudicot is represented by

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue?

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide, perform metabolic functions, and store photosynthate would be a

Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple leaves?

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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is to xylem as is to phloem.