Question 1

In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ____ pole because they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; are negatively charged 
B)  negative; are positively charged 
C)  bottom; are pulled by a magnetic force 
D)  bottom; are pulled by gravity 
E)  bottom; have a greater density than the gel 
A)  positive; are negatively charged 
B)  negative; are positively charged 
C)  bottom; are pulled by a magnetic force 
D)  bottom; are pulled by gravity 
E)  bottom; have a greater density than the gel

Question 2

The phases of each PCR cycle listed in order are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  denaturation, extension, and annealing 
B)  annealing, extension, and denaturation 
C)  extension, denaturation, and annealing 
D)  annealing, denaturation, and extension 
E)  denaturation, annealing, and extension 
A)  denaturation, extension, and annealing 
B)  annealing, extension, and denaturation 
C)  extension, denaturation, and annealing 
D)  annealing, denaturation, and extension 
E)  denaturation, annealing, and extension

Question 3

In sickle cell anemia, a ____ mutation in the β-globin gene eliminates a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  single base-pair; restriction site 
B)  frameshift; restriction site 
C)  nonsense; promoter region 
D)  single base-pair; promoter region 
E)  nonsense; restriction site 
A)  single base-pair; restriction site 
B)  frameshift; restriction site 
C)  nonsense; promoter region 
D)  single base-pair; promoter region 
E)  nonsense; restriction site

Question 4

What distinguishes expression vectors from other cloning vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression vectors do not have an origin of replication. 
B)  Only expression vectors have origins of replication. 
C)  Expression vectors contain regulatory sequences to allow transcription and translation of an inserted gene. 
D)  Inserted genes cannot be transcribed from an expression vector. 
E)  Expression vectors do not contain antibiotic resistance genes. 
A)  Expression vectors do not have an origin of replication. 
B)  Only expression vectors have origins of replication. 
C)  Expression vectors contain regulatory sequences to allow transcription and translation of an inserted gene. 
D)  Inserted genes cannot be transcribed from an expression vector. 
E)  Expression vectors do not contain antibiotic resistance genes.

Question 5

Most genetic alterations performed by researchers aim to change the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype of the organism without a change in phenotype 
B)  genotype of the organism, causing a change in phenotype 
C)  phenotype of the organism without a change in genotype 
D)  phenotype of the organism, causing a change in genotype 
E)  proteome of the organism without a change in genotype 
A)  genotype of the organism without a change in phenotype 
B)  genotype of the organism, causing a change in phenotype 
C)  phenotype of the organism without a change in genotype 
D)  phenotype of the organism, causing a change in genotype 
E)  proteome of the organism without a change in genotype

Question 6

When the sequence of nucleotides read in the 5'→ 3' direction on one strand is same as the sequence read in the 5'→ 3' direction on the complementary strand, the sequence is called a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inverted sequence 
B)  palindrome 
C)  restriction site 
D)  restriction fragment length polymorphism 
E)  inactive restriction site 
A)  inverted sequence 
B)  palindrome 
C)  restriction site 
D)  restriction fragment length polymorphism 
E)  inactive restriction site

Question 7

DNA fingerprinting is a method used to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  identify a species 
B)  distinguish between two individuals of the same species 
C)  examine the DNA sequences encoding for human fingerprints 
D)  extract DNA samples from human fingerprints 
E)  determine the sequence of the human genome 
A)  identify a species 
B)  distinguish between two individuals of the same species 
C)  examine the DNA sequences encoding for human fingerprints 
D)  extract DNA samples from human fingerprints 
E)  determine the sequence of the human genome

Question 8

Figure 18.1 
-
Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Of the fragments labeled A-D, which is the smallest?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  it is impossible to tell 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  it is impossible to tell

Question 9

An example of pharming is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic bacteria that clean up oil spills 
B)  transgenic sheep that produce a protein required for normal blood clotting in humans 
C)  E. coli that synthesize restriction enzymes for use in genetic engineering 
D)  yeast that produce ethanol for use as fuel in vehicles 
E)  a genetically modified crop plant that is resistant to pesticide 
A)  photosynthetic bacteria that clean up oil spills 
B)  transgenic sheep that produce a protein required for normal blood clotting in humans 
C)  E. coli that synthesize restriction enzymes for use in genetic engineering 
D)  yeast that produce ethanol for use as fuel in vehicles 
E)  a genetically modified crop plant that is resistant to pesticide

Question 10

40. Identify the correct steps for cloning a gene of interest, then arrange them in the correct order. One of the steps below is left out of the answer. 1. Transform the bacteria.
2) Incubate the DNA fragments and cut cloning vector with DNA ligase.
3) Use restriction enzymes to cut the gene of interest and the cloning vector.
4) Spread bacteria on medium containing lactose and ampicillin.
5) Spread bacteria on medium containing X-gal and ampicillin.

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 3, 1, 5 
B)  3, 2, 5, 1 
C)  3, 2, 1, 5 
D)  2, 3, 1, 5 
E)  3, 2, 1, 4 
A)  4, 3, 1, 5 
B)  3, 2, 5, 1 
C)  3, 2, 1, 5 
D)  2, 3, 1, 5 
E)  3, 2, 1, 4

Question 11

Why is it important to have an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid cloning vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps the host bacteria grow faster. 
B)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C)  It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant vector from those that contain just the vector. 
E)  It helps the bacteria replicate the recombinant plasmid more quickly. 
A)  It helps the host bacteria grow faster. 
B)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C)  It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D)  It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant vector from those that contain just the vector. 
E)  It helps the bacteria replicate the recombinant plasmid more quickly.

Question 12

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a circular DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 13

Pluripotent cells can differentiate into many, but not all, of the different cell types of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Different methodologies can be used to obtain the same information about a DNA sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How is DNA introduced into plants using the Ti plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gene of interest remains in the Ti plasmid after the plasmid has transformed the plant, and the gene is expressed in the plant. 
B)  The Ti plasmid inserts the gene of interest directly into the plant's nuclear DNA. 
C)  The entire Ti plasmid including the gene of interest is inserted into the plant's nuclear DNA. 
D)  The Ti plasmid inserts the foreign DNA into the plant's chloroplast DNA. 
E)  The Ti plasmid inserts the foreign DNA into the plant's mitochondrial DNA. 
A)  The gene of interest remains in the Ti plasmid after the plasmid has transformed the plant, and the gene is expressed in the plant. 
B)  The Ti plasmid inserts the gene of interest directly into the plant's nuclear DNA. 
C)  The entire Ti plasmid including the gene of interest is inserted into the plant's nuclear DNA. 
D)  The Ti plasmid inserts the foreign DNA into the plant's chloroplast DNA. 
E)  The Ti plasmid inserts the foreign DNA into the plant's mitochondrial DNA.

Question 16

Which component of the PCR reaction is responsible for its specificity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pair of DNA primers 
B)  the pair of RNA primers 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  the four nucleoside triphosphates 
E)  the thermocycler 
A)  the pair of DNA primers 
B)  the pair of RNA primers 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  the four nucleoside triphosphates 
E)  the thermocycler

Question 17

The enzyme ____ produces ____ DNA that is complementary to mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase; single-stranded 
B)  reverse transcriptase; double-stranded 
C)  DNA polymerase; single-stranded 
D)  DNA polymerase; double-stranded 
E)  RNA polymerase; single-stranded 
A)  reverse transcriptase; single-stranded 
B)  reverse transcriptase; double-stranded 
C)  DNA polymerase; single-stranded 
D)  DNA polymerase; double-stranded 
E)  RNA polymerase; single-stranded

Question 18

Mass quantities of a target DNA sequence can be obtained by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  restriction endonuclease digestion only 
B)  gene cloning only 
C)  PCR only 
D)  restriction endonuclease digestion and PCR 
E)  gene cloning and PCR 
A)  restriction endonuclease digestion only 
B)  gene cloning only 
C)  PCR only 
D)  restriction endonuclease digestion and PCR 
E)  gene cloning and PCR

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: short tandem repeat
genetic engineering
PCR
recombinant DNA
restriction endonucleases
biotechnology
restriction fragments
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
agarose gel electrophoresis
DNA fingerprinting
transgenic

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Any technique applied to biological systems or is...

Question 20

DNA is cut by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleases 
B)  proteases 
C)  stem cells 
D)  Ti plasmids 
E)  restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
A)  nucleases 
B)  proteases 
C)  stem cells 
D)  Ti plasmids 
E)  restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Exam 18: Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ____ pole because they ____.

The phases of each PCR cycle listed in order are ____.

In sickle cell anemia, a ____ mutation in the β-globin gene eliminates a ____.

What distinguishes expression vectors from other cloning vectors?

Most genetic alterations performed by researchers aim to change the ____.

When the sequence of nucleotides read in the 5'→ 3' direction on one strand is same as the sequence read in the 5'→ 3' direction on the complementary strand, the sequence is called a(n) ____.

DNA fingerprinting is a method used to ____.

Figure 18.1 - Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Of the fragments labeled A-D, which is the smallest?

An example of pharming is ____.

Why is it important to have an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid cloning vectors?

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a circular DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel?

Pluripotent cells can differentiate into many, but not all, of the different cell types of the body.

Different methodologies can be used to obtain the same information about a DNA sequence.

How is DNA introduced into plants using the Ti plasmid?

Which component of the PCR reaction is responsible for its specificity?

The enzyme ____ produces ____ DNA that is complementary to mRNA.

Mass quantities of a target DNA sequence can be obtained by ____.

DNA is cut by ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the pole because they .

In sickle cell anemia, a mutation in the β-globin gene eliminates a .

The enzyme produces DNA that is complementary to mRNA.